{"id":94032,"date":"2017-02-26T10:29:58","date_gmt":"2017-02-26T08:29:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.nli.org.il\/chov-groll-aerials\/"},"modified":"2022-09-08T13:53:51","modified_gmt":"2022-09-08T10:53:51","slug":"hoi-groll-aerials","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/en\/hoi-groll-aerials\/","title":{"rendered":"The First Person to Photograph the Land of Israel from the Air"},"content":{"rendered":"

By 1916, things were looking rather bleak for Ottoman forces in the Middle East. They were finding it difficult to repel the multi-pronged attack by the British. The Great Arab Revolt began in the summer, led by Emirs Abdullah and Faisal, with the support of Great Britain which had sent Lawrence of Arabia to the region. Even before the outbreak of World War I, the Ottoman Empire had become known as “the sick man of Europe.\u201d \u00a0At this point, after two years of fighting, the sick man was on his deathbed.<\/p>\n

The Ottoman Empire\u2019s German allies could no longer remain on the sidelines. They needed the Turks to engage the British in order to distract them from the critical battles on the Western Front. Indeed, following pressure from senior military officials, in the spring-summer of 1916, German units were finally dispatched to the Middle East to fight alongside the crumbling Ottoman army.<\/p>\n

\"1\"<\/a>
German soldiers with planes in the background. From the Fritz Groll photo album<\/a>, the National Library of Israel collections<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

These units, which included an air squadron, arrived in preparation of the final Turkish-German offensive against British forces in Sinai. The German army excelled in the use of aircraft, at the time a new and not so reliable means of transportation, which was being used in war for the very first time. Accompanying the squadron was Fritz Groll, a 40-year-old German officer who was also the commander of a new unit dedicated to aerial photography. This was Groll\u2019s first visit to Ottoman Palestine \u2013 the Land of Israel.<\/p>\n

\"1\"<\/a>
Fritz Groll. From the Fritz Groll photo album<\/a>, the National Library of Israel collections<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Groll\u2019s main mission was to photograph the area from the air for military purposes. This was how the first military aerial photographs of the Land of Israel came into being. Groll photographed Jaffa, the \u200b\u200bGalilee and areas in the Sinai Desert from the air for the first time. One can even make out agricultural fields and railway tracks in the photographs.<\/p>\n

\"1\"<\/a>
The region of Ashkelon. From the Fritz Groll photo album<\/a>, the National Library of Israel collections<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
\"1\"<\/a>
Aerial view of Caesarea. From the Fritz Groll photo album<\/a>, the National Library of Israel collections<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
\"1\"<\/a>
Aerial view of the ancient city of Shivta (Subeita). From the Fritz Groll photo album<\/a>, the National Library of Israel collections<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
\"1\"<\/a>
Aerial view of Be’er Sheva. From the Fritz Groll photo album<\/a>, the National Library of Israel collections<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
\"1\"<\/a>
Aerial view of the Sarona Templar settlement. From the Fritz Groll photo album<\/a>, the National Library of Israel collections<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

But Groll, along with his comrades in the squadron and other German units, did not treat the Land of Israel merely as a military destination. Like any avid tourist\u2014or pilgrim\u2014Groll documented his journey from Europe\u2019s shores through Turkey, Syria and Lebanon, to the Land of Israel. He photographed the Bosphorus, documented the streets of Damascus, his various travels and the people he met along the way, as well as his comrades in arms. The German soldiers\u2019 uniforms hint somewhat to the military\u2019s colonialist attitude toward the Holy Land and the Middle East (note the pith helmets). On the other hand, Groll filled the pages of his album featuring photographs of the Temple Mount and other holy sites in Jerusalem with dense, hand-written and enthusiastic descriptions. Despite the outdated photographic equipment, it seems that Groll documented non-stop: Haifa and Jaffa, Be’er Sheva, where the forces were stationed, and even two pages of photographs of the town of Ramla.<\/p>\n

\"1\"<\/a>
Squadron members at attention. From the Fritz Groll photo album<\/a>, the National Library of Israel collections<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
\"1\"<\/a>
Istanbul. From the Fritz Groll photo album<\/a>, the National Library of Israel collections<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
\"1\"<\/a>
Locals in Syria. From the Fritz Groll photo album<\/a>, the National Library of Israel collections<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
\"1\"<\/a>
An “Arab begger”. From the Fritz Groll photo album<\/a>, the National Library of Israel collections<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
\"1\"<\/a>
Bedouin women in Be’er Sheva.\u00a0 From the Fritz Groll photo album<\/a>, the National Library of Israel collections<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
\"1\"<\/a>
Photograph of Ramla. From the Fritz Groll photo album<\/a>, the National Library of Israel collections<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
\"1\"<\/a>
A page from the album documenting the Temple Mount and other holy sites in Jerusalem. Groll added hand-written descriptions in German. From the Fritz Groll photo album<\/a>, the National Library of Israel collections<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

It is worth taking a closer look at this magnificent album, which was donated to the National Library of Israel by Ms. Ruth Schell of London, through Prof. Benjamin Zeev Kedar, who researched Groll\u2019s photographs. The dozens of pictures afford an authentic view of the Land of Israel of that time, at the end of 400 years of Ottoman rule. The complete album is available for viewing, here<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Thank you to Dr. Gil Weissblei for his help in preparing this article.<\/em><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

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