{"id":90099,"date":"2021-01-12T13:46:41","date_gmt":"2021-01-12T11:46:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.nli.org.il\/?p=90099"},"modified":"2024-06-24T11:33:41","modified_gmt":"2024-06-24T08:33:41","slug":"lbh-budapest-jewish-quarter-destruction","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/en\/lbh-budapest-jewish-quarter-destruction\/","title":{"rendered":"The Continued Destruction of Budapest\u2019s Jewish Quarter"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">A few days ago, news that one of the oldest houses in the Jewish district of Budapest will soon be demolished spread like wildfire on social media, sparking outrage.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The house at Kazinczy Street 55 will be leveled to make way for a 5-storey hotel belonging to a company linked to people with friends in high places. Although from an architectural perspective the house is rather nondescript, it is one of the last remnants of how the Jewish district looked before large-scale construction projects at the end of the 19<sup>th<\/sup> century.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">This little house witnessed the crushing of the Revolution of 1849, the Second World War, the Revolution of 1956 and the horrors of the ghetto in 1944-45.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_90216\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-90216\" style=\"width: 500px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blog.nli.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/Budapest-aerial-view-1945-FOTO-FORTEPAN-Kramer-Istvan-dr.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-90216\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.nli.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/Budapest-aerial-view-1945-FOTO-FORTEPAN-Kramer-Istvan-dr.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"345\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/Budapest-aerial-view-1945-FOTO-FORTEPAN-Kramer-Istvan-dr.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/Budapest-aerial-view-1945-FOTO-FORTEPAN-Kramer-Istvan-dr-300x207.jpg 300w, https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/Budapest-aerial-view-1945-FOTO-FORTEPAN-Kramer-Istvan-dr-869x600.jpg 869w, https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/Budapest-aerial-view-1945-FOTO-FORTEPAN-Kramer-Istvan-dr-768x530.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-90216\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Budapest, 1945 (Photo: Fortepan \/ Kramer Istv\u00e1n dr; <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0\/\">CC BY-SA 3.0<\/a>)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">In 1834, a man named J\u00f3zsef Schneider bought the building, which at the time had only one floor. It was here that he created the &#8220;Magyar K\u00e1rtya&#8221; card game still popular today. Schneider decided to illustrate some of the cards with the figure of William Tell, as a symbol of the Hungarian struggle for independence from the Habsburgs.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_90206\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-90206\" style=\"width: 500px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blog.nli.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/Magyar-cards-ca-1860.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-90206\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.nli.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/Magyar-cards-ca-1860.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"853\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/Magyar-cards-ca-1860.jpg 785w, https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/Magyar-cards-ca-1860-176x300.jpg 176w, https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/Magyar-cards-ca-1860-352x600.jpg 352w, https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/Magyar-cards-ca-1860-768x1310.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-90206\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">&#8220;Magyar K\u00e1rtya&#8221; cards, ca. 1860<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Towards the end of the 19th century, the building housed a fashion store that belonged to M\u00f3r Rothauser, a distant relative of the <a href=\"https:\/\/blog.nli.org.il\/en\/lbh-rothauser\/\">famous opera singer Ter\u00e9z Rothauser<\/a>, who starred for years as part of the\u00a0 Berlin Royal Opera before ultimately being murdered in Theresienstadt during the Holocaust.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_90184\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-90184\" style=\"width: 500px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blog.nli.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/Rothauser-store.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-90184\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.nli.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/Rothauser-store.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"392\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/Rothauser-store.png 1000w, https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/Rothauser-store-300x235.png 300w, https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/Rothauser-store-765x600.png 765w, https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/Rothauser-store-768x602.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-90184\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Kazinczy Street 55 when it was the Rothauser fashion store<br \/>(Source: Magyar Kereskedelmi \u00e9s Vend\u00e9gl\u00e1t\u00f3ipari M\u00fazeum,<br \/>CC-BY-NC-SA)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">In 1895, Cec\u00edlia Fischer established a brothel in the house, which was equipped with running water and modern toilets, a first for such an establishment in Budapest.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Ten years later, followers of the Theosophical Movement, founded by Helena Blavatsky, bought the building. This esoteric movement influenced some of the greatest minds of the turn of the 20th century, including Thomas Edison, Alfred Russel Wallace, Vassily Kandinsky, Paul Gauguin, Arthur Conan Doyle and even Maria Montessori.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The disciples of the movement left their symbol on the door of the house.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_90187\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-90187\" style=\"width: 500px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blog.nli.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/55-Kazinczy-street.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-90187\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.nli.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/55-Kazinczy-street.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"500\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/55-Kazinczy-street.jpg 500w, https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/55-Kazinczy-street-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/55-Kazinczy-street-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-90187\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">The symbol of the Theosophical Movement remains on the front door of Kazinczy Street 55 until today (Photo: Vincent Vizkelety)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">After it was vacated by the movement&#8217;s adherents, the building housed several small businesses before being purchased by Tam\u00e1s Wichmann, three-time Olympic medal-winning canoeist. He opened a famous tavern there, which survived Hungary&#8217;s 1989 regime change and quickly became a legendary hangout for locals.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">No sign indicated the establishment&#8217;s existence, and its prices made it a hidden gem amid the dozens of bars catering to tourists&#8217; tastes (and budgets).<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_90193\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-90193\" style=\"width: 500px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blog.nli.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/Wichmann-tavern-ca-2009-Photo-Jerzy-Celichowski-1.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-90193\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.nli.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/Wichmann-tavern-ca-2009-Photo-Jerzy-Celichowski-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"375\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/Wichmann-tavern-ca-2009-Photo-Jerzy-Celichowski-1.jpg 500w, https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/Wichmann-tavern-ca-2009-Photo-Jerzy-Celichowski-1-300x225.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-90193\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Wichmann&#8217;s tavern, 2009. A small plaque next to the door indicates that J\u00f3zsef Schneider created the &#8220;Magyar K\u00e1rtya&#8221; game in the very same building (Photo: Jerzy Celichowski; <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0\/\">CC BY-SA 3.0<\/a>)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Unfortunately, in 2018 Tam\u00e1s Wichmann announced that he was forced to close his business after becoming seriously ill. The Olympic champion, who passed away in 2020, had greatly improved the quality of life in the district by funding a new playground in place of a parking lot next to his establishment.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The building was bought by a company with ties to government officials, which initially rented the ground floor to a pizzeria. On December 23, 2019, a building permit was filed for a hotel, which was approved on August 10, 2020.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Leading Hungarian news outlets have recently reported that adjacent and nearby lots on Kir\u00e1ly Street, including the playground developed by Wichmann, will also be demolished soon. These tenements, built during the first half of the 19<sup>th<\/sup> century, are also part of Budapest&#8217;s Jewish district, each an important part of the city&#8217;s history.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_90197\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-90197\" style=\"width: 500px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blog.nli.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/1024px-Esk\u00fcv\u0151i_csoportk\u00e9p_1946_Budapest_Kazinczy_utcai_orthodox_k\u00f6zpont_udvara_h\u00fcpe._Fortepan_105199.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-90197\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.nli.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/1024px-Esk\u00fcv\u0151i_csoportk\u00e9p_1946_Budapest_Kazinczy_utcai_orthodox_k\u00f6zpont_udvara_h\u00fcpe._Fortepan_105199.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"365\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/1024px-Esk\u00fcv\u0151i_csoportk\u00e9p_1946_Budapest_Kazinczy_utcai_orthodox_k\u00f6zpont_udvara_h\u00fcpe._Fortepan_105199.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/1024px-Esk\u00fcv\u0151i_csoportk\u00e9p_1946_Budapest_Kazinczy_utcai_orthodox_k\u00f6zpont_udvara_h\u00fcpe._Fortepan_105199-300x219.jpg 300w, https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/1024px-Esk\u00fcv\u0151i_csoportk\u00e9p_1946_Budapest_Kazinczy_utcai_orthodox_k\u00f6zpont_udvara_h\u00fcpe._Fortepan_105199-821x600.jpg 821w, https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/1024px-Esk\u00fcv\u0151i_csoportk\u00e9p_1946_Budapest_Kazinczy_utcai_orthodox_k\u00f6zpont_udvara_h\u00fcpe._Fortepan_105199-768x561.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-90197\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">A Jewish wedding on Kazinczy Street, 1946 (Photo: Fortepan \/ H\u00e1mori Gyula; <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0\/\">CC BY-SA 3.0<\/a>)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">In 1891, a wealthy Jewish man named M\u00f3r Ungerleider opened a caf\u00e9 at Kir\u00e1ly Street 27. Five years later, to attract clients, he came up with the idea of screening a motion picture there \u2013 for the first time in Budapest!<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Ungerleider immediately understood that movies were going to become very popular, and he went on to own a number of theaters including the Royal-Apollo and the Apoll\u00f3 mozg\u00f3, the biggest movie theater in Budapest in the early years of the 20th century. Along with partners Lajos Weitzenfeld and Imre Roboz, Ungerleider founded the F\u0151nix movie production company, which produced many films throughout the 1920s.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_90209\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-90209\" style=\"width: 500px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nli.org.il\/en\/newspapers\/egy\/1933\/02\/04\/01\/article\/8.1\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-90209 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.nli.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/Cecille-de-Mille-film-the-Sign-of-the-Cross-Royal-Apollo-Theater-in-Budapest.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"410\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/Cecille-de-Mille-film-the-Sign-of-the-Cross-Royal-Apollo-Theater-in-Budapest.jpg 500w, https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/Cecille-de-Mille-film-the-Sign-of-the-Cross-Royal-Apollo-Theater-in-Budapest-300x246.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-90209\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ad for a screening of Cecille B. DeMille&#8217;s film &#8220;The Sign of the Cross&#8221; (known as &#8220;Ave Caesar&#8221; in Hungarian) at the Royal-Apollo Theater in Budapest, printed in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nli.org.il\/en\/newspapers\/egy\/1933\/02\/04\/01\/article\/8.1\"><em>Egyenl\u00f6s\u00e9g\u2069\u2069<\/em>, 4 February 1933<\/a>; available via the National Library of Israel Digital Collection<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Despite their importance and the mobilization of many local history and culture enthusiasts, the chances of saving these historic landmarks from demolition seems small.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The news leaves a bitter taste in the mouths of those who witnessed a wave of destruction in the Jewish quarter between 2002 and 2010, when the disappearance of many historic buildings occurred after the district&#8217;s local council considerably weakened protections for historical monuments.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_90200\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-90200\" style=\"width: 500px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blog.nli.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/Emlektabla_Kazinczy_utca_14-people-used-to-live-here-plaque.gif\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-90200\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.nli.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/Emlektabla_Kazinczy_utca_14-people-used-to-live-here-plaque.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"317\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-90200\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Plaque on Kazinczy Street placed by a group of artist activists, 2014 (Photo: Kispados; <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0\/\">CC BY-SA 3.0<\/a>)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Activists continue efforts to save historical treasures from destruction, as countless buildings linked to Jewish and general Budapester history are constantly under threat, with the prospects of financial profit unfortunately often outweighing the importance of preserving cultural heritage.<\/p>\n<p><strong>UPDATE<\/strong>: Soon after this article was published, following extensive civil society and media efforts, the Hungarian Prime Minister&#8217;s Office announced that the building at Kazinczy 55 will be registered as an historical monument, and saved from demolition.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&#8212;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><em>This article has been published as part of\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/europe.nli.org.il\/\">Gesher L\u2019Europa<\/a>, the National Library of Israel\u2019s initiative to share stories and connect with people, institutions and communities in Europe and beyond.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Local landmarks approved for demolition<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":200,"featured_media":90367,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[216],"tags":[1674,649,1735,1218,309],"tags2":[2689,2800],"class_list":["post-90099","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-diaspora","tag-budapest","tag-gesherleuropa","tag-hungarian-jewry","tag-life-before-the-holocaust","tag-theholocaust"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v24.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>The Continued Destruction of Budapest\u2019s Jewish Quarter<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Local landmarks approved for demolition\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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