{"id":84454,"date":"2020-09-14T12:10:31","date_gmt":"2020-09-14T09:10:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.nli.org.il\/chov-73_kids\/"},"modified":"2023-12-31T18:15:21","modified_gmt":"2023-12-31T16:15:21","slug":"hoi_73_children","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/en\/hoi_73_children\/","title":{"rendered":"The Children of \u201973 Write About the Yom Kippur War"},"content":{"rendered":"

Today, forty-seven years after the Yom Kippur War, they are well into their fifties and sixties. Back then, in the fall of 1973, they were only schoolchildren, young boys and girls. To find out what they remember from that time, we can simply ask them, most are still with us. To know what they felt and thought in real time, when the events actually happened, we must read their letters.<\/p>\n

The war caught not only the Israeli army and government off guard, but also the nation’s press. This included a number of newspapers and magazines intended for children. Two days after the war\u2019s outbreak, on October 8th<\/sup>, Davar Leyeladim<\/em> (a weekly children’s supplement of the Davar<\/em> daily) published its Sukkot holiday issue. The only mention of the war was a short item at the top of the first page. It began with the words: \u201cWith the closing of this issue, on the eve of Yom Kippur, a fourth war broke out between Israel and its neighbors: the Syrian army crossed the border in the Golan Heights and the Egyptian army crossed the Suez Canal. Fierce battles are being waged on land, at sea and in the air.\u201d<\/p>\n

Plainly, there was an attempt to reassure young readers and present Israel as in control of the situation\u2014even before the fog of war had lifted: \u201cThe Israeli home front has been called up and everyone has gone out to do their duty. At the time of writing, the IDF, with supreme heroism, is blocking the enemy\u2019s advance and the both the Syrian and Egyptian armies are suffering heavy losses. News from the front lines is still vague, [and here there appears a quote from Defense Minister Moshe Dayan who predicts that \u201cthere is no doubt that the war will end in our favor!\u201d].<\/p>\n

\"\"
The cover of the October 8th issue of the children’s supplement, Davar<\/em> Leyeladim,<\/em> made no mention of war…<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

The October 8th<\/sup> issue of the Haaretz<\/em> children\u2019s edition managed to update its readers further, but even there the news filled only a single page. In it, readers learned of the \u201csmall and insignificant” achievements of the Arab armies, \u201cconsidering the fact that the enemy struck the opening blow.\u201d<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
“Considering the fact that the enemy struck the opening blow, their achievements were small and insignificant.” – <\/em>One page was dedicated to the war in the October 8th<\/sup> issue of the Haaretz <\/em>children’s edition<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Subsequent issues presented a more complete picture of the war\u2019s events, in greater detail\u2014with emphasis on the soldiers and their stories. Nevertheless, most of the issues maintained their pre-war format and regular sections, including serial fiction, children’s songs and even jokes. The section relevant to our discussion is \u201cHaaretz Shelanu<\/em> Readers Write<\/em>\u201d published in Haaretz Shelanu <\/em>(“Our Country”), a children\u2019s weekly. \u00a0There we learn that despite the intention of keeping up a routine even during the country\u2019s most difficult moments, the war clearly consumed the thoughts of the nation’s children.<\/p>\n

The first time we hear these children’s voices is the third week of the war, in Haaretz Shelanu<\/em>\u2019s October 22nd<\/sup> issue. In the letters from readers we hear the paralyzing fear caused by the fighting. Anat Gavrieli from Tel Aviv wrote: \u201cDear editor, I know there is a war. The Egyptians surprised us and ambushed us. I feel uneasy. There are real sirens, [not just drills]. Instead of going down to the shelter, I stay at home, seized with fear. On radio and television\u2014all the time its war . . . \u00a0I am glued to the radio like a snail to its shell. I hope and pray that there will be peace and that the war will end in peace.\u201d<\/p>\n

Alongside the striving for peace, we find quite a bit of anger over the surprise attack: \u201cDear editor, the Arabs are cowards! We are not! Our enemies thought to defeat us during the day of fasting and prayer, but they soon learned that despite the fast we were ready to fight for our very right to fast and pray in peace. Our victory is assured, because our fight is a fight for life,\u201d wrote 10-year-old Liora Binyamin of Haifa.<\/p>\n

\"\"
“\u2026immediately, a siren went off. I put my sister Maya in the carriage and went downstairs. I played with her in the bomb shelter\u2026Many thoughts went through my head. When the all-clear was given, they asked me: ‘Why are you always daydreaming?’ I didn’t answer\u2026Hagit Kanev, #55 Tchernichovsky Street, Haifa”<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Fear, longing for peace and anger also appear in later issues, alongside the simple questions and thoughts of the children. When the sirens sounded, Hagit Nakav and her sister went down to a bomb shelter in their apartment building in Haifa. To pass the time the two played, and \u201csuddenly I thought: there in the north they are fighting, and here am I sitting and playing.\u201d In the midst of the chaos of war and anguished concern for brothers and fathers fighting for their lives, Meirav Bieber, 10, from Raanana, sent a question: \u201cIn wartime, like now, what happens to the animals at the zoo? Are they put in shelters, or left in cages? And if they are left, what happens if a bomb falls on them? It’s animal cruelty!\u201d<\/p>\n

Comparisons between Israel and its enemies in the war focused on the question of sanctity of life. The children writing to the newspaper wrote decisively, as Anat Kasavi from Nahariya put it: \u201cThey, the Arabs, do not care at all about their people! If one falls, ten replace him. This is not the case with us! 658 dead after a week of fighting, from our very best! I don’t want our people to die, and I don’t want our enemies to die!”<\/p>\n

\"\"
\u201dI don’t want our people to die, and I don’t want our enemies to die!… Anat Kasavi, #45 Herzl Street, Nahariya”<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Many of the young letter writers wrote about life on the home front in the shadow of the war. Ella Tamar from Tel Aviv wrote about the war\u2019s silent, overlooked heroine\u2014the bereaved mother. Twelve-year-old Ella chose to link the figure of the bereaved mother to stories from the Bible, and held the patriarch Abraham\u2019s heroism on a par with the grieving mothers, adding, \u201cWhen the farmer sows his fields he knows he will soon reap the harvest. Yet these mothers will not reap theirs; they will not see their sons grow up and witness the fruits of their labor. The war prevented that. \u201c<\/p>\n

\"\"
\u201cWhen the farmer sows his fields he knows he will soon reap the harvest. Yet these mothers will not reap theirs; they will not see their sons grow up and witness the fruits of their labor\u2026Ella Tamar, 12 years old, #47 Frishman Street, Tel Aviv”<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

With the announcement of the ceasefire, the country\u2019s children turned once again to expressing their longing for peace. Gadi Marcus from Tel Hashomer wrote, \u201cI think in my heart how awful war is. Apart from the many casualties, there is a lack of a workforce on the home front. Everything must be done for peace.\u201d<\/p>\n

With the fighting ended, the young writers were able to think about their enemies\u2019 motivations for going to war. Talia Nur, 12, from Bat Yam, thought the surprise attack by the Egyptians and Syrians stemmed from a sense of loss of confidence after Israel’s decisive victory in the Six-Day War of 1967, and claimed that the \u201carrogance and dismissiveness\u201d that characterized the Israeli attitude ahead of the Yom Kippur war was \u201cnot the right way to estimate the Arabs.\u201d Eleven-year-old Ronit Hagai from Ramat Gan wondered: \u201cMaybe most of the Arabs did not want to fight, and it was only the leaders who incited them?\u201d<\/p>\n

\"\"
\u201cArrogance and dismissiveness is not the right way to estimate the Arabs\u2026.Talia Nol, 12 years old, #22 Rabbi Kook Street, Bat Yam\u201d<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Some of the writers responded to other children\u2019s letters, such as seventh grader Galil Ben-Dor from Gvat: \u201cEven though the Arabs were forced to retreat, they were not broken. Do not think, Liora, that we are braver than the Arabs.\u201d<\/p>\n

\"\"
\u201cEven though the Arabs were forced to retreat, they were not broken. Do not think, Liora, that we are braver than the Arabs\u2026Galil Ben-Dor, 7th grade, Gvat\u201d<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

The contributions of the Israeli youths themselves to the war effort were also occasionally mentioned, such as in this letter published in the November 26th<\/sup> issue:<\/p>\n

\"\"
“We worked in the gardens, washed cars and more, and collected 1210 Israel liras. We hope such acts will help us win this difficult war\u2026Shani Herzberg and Yonah Davidovitch, 8th grade, Brandeis School, Herzliya”<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

With the war\u2019s end and the rise of public debate on what was immediately dubbed \u201cThe Fiasco,\u201d the youth displayed an impressive engagement in current affairs. Was it Dayan’s fault? Should the entire government take responsibility? Should the ruling party receive the blame? The figure of Motti Ashkenazi soon came to the forefront. Ashkenazi was a reserve officer whose personal campaign against the Israeli leadership’s failures surrounding the war became a public protest movement. Who was in the right\u2014Dayan or Ashkenazi? What were the limits of legitimate criticism? These questions riveted the attention of children who were only ten or twelve years old. Even if their words echo those of their parents and other adults around them, their preoccupation with and articulation of the issues appears very mature today. Here are some excerpts:<\/p>\n

“Motti Ashkenazi is nothing but a chatty parrot, who shouts and screams as he marches around the Knesset. And it is shameful for the State of Israel that a man who speaks so much nonsense is not stopped!… Ilana Zohar, Beer Sheva”<\/em><\/p>\n

“It is possible that Moshe Dayan is culpable for what happened, but in fact we are all flesh and blood, every person can make a mistake, but he certainly didn’t do it on purpose. Therefore we must understand him and logically consider his actions in the correct way\u2026Melli Herbst, #30 Uziel Street, Ramat Gan”<\/em><\/p>\n

“Ruthi, you yourself wrote that Israel is a democracy, and that includes freedom of expression. So why shouldn’t Motti Ashkenazi express himself publicly?…Varda Harif, #22 Tirza Street, Ramat Gan”<\/em><\/p>\n

“The people elected Moshe Dayan 6 years ago, and now, because of the war’s fiascos, support for Moshe Dayan has waned. Motti Ashkenazi demands that Dayan resign, and rightfully so. Moshe Dayan, as the minister responsible for state security, must bear the consequences\u2026Noam Ben-Ozer, 10 years old, Kibbutz Gan-Shmuel”<\/em><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

This article is based on a previous article by Ioram Melcer.<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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