{"id":83384,"date":"2020-09-07T17:06:48","date_gmt":"2020-09-07T14:06:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.nli.org.il\/?p=83384"},"modified":"2024-06-25T11:02:57","modified_gmt":"2024-06-25T08:02:57","slug":"lbh_hagege","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/en\/lbh_hagege\/","title":{"rendered":"The Story of Daniel Hag\u00e8ge: Judeo-Arabic Author and Documenter of Tunisian Jewry"},"content":{"rendered":"

The story of Judeo-Arabic literature in Tunisia is one of defeat; not only because the language in which this literature was written has disappeared due to the French and Hebrew prevailing it \u2013 but because it seems that this unique literature was never given a real chance to flourish.<\/p>\n

Judeo-Arabic literature lasted in Tunisia for a mere 100 years. It began in 1862, when a partnership was formed among three Jewish writers: Mordekhai Tapia, Bishi Chemama, and Eliyahu Elmaleh. Their first book printed in Tunis was called Qanun al-dawla al-tunisiyya<\/em> (“The Constitution of the Tunisian State”).<\/p>\n

A year later, books containing folk literature began to be published. At first, they were copied by hand under the supervision of the author, storyteller, and tavern-owner, Hai Sarfati, and later at Uzan and Castro’s publishing house. In 1878, Abraham Tayyib founded the first newspaper in the country, called al-Amala al-tunisiyya<\/em> (“Tunisia Province”).<\/p>\n

Much of what we know about this literature we owe to the work of Daniel Hag\u00e8ge. Next to the French Eus\u00e8be Vassel, Hag\u00e8ge (occasionally written as \u1e24ajj\u0101j) is the greatest documenter of this rich literature, which consists of hundreds of original stories and translations. He was also one of the last authors to publish his works in Judeo-Arabic. In 1939, Hag\u00e8ge published a book titled Intishar al-ktayib al-yahudiyya al-berberiyya al-tunisiyya<\/em> (“The Publication of Tunisian Judeo-Arabic Books”, translated into Hebrew by Joseph Tobi and Zivia Tobi, Wayne State University Press, 2014). Some of Hag\u00e8ge’s many books have vanished completely, with the only remaining traces being a few details mentioned in this text. Hag\u00e8ge listed the published works of the Judeo-Arabic authors alongside biographic information about their lives and literary and professional work. Intishar al-ktayib<\/em> was published at Makhluf Najjar’s printing house.<\/p>\n

Thanks to this detailed bio-bibliographic list compiled by the author, we know that Judeo-Arabic literature, which emerged in Tunisia during the mid-19th<\/sup> century, was influenced by different elements. Firstly, Arabic literature; Judeo-Arabic literature was written in Arabic, peppered with Hebrew, French and Italian. Many other books and stories were translated literary classics from around the world, primarily France. These included works such as The Mysteries of Paris, Robinson Crusoe<\/a><\/strong>, and adaptations of One Thousand and One Nights<\/strong>, which drew from Antoine Gallan’s French translation.<\/p>\n

\"\"
H\u0323ikayat Robinson Krusoi<\/em>, by Daniel Defoe<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Before we read the work’s translation<\/a> by scholars Joseph and Zivia Tobi, we assumed Hag\u00e8ge wrote his bio-bibliography because he wished to save this literature from vanishing into obscurity. In the book’s introduction, right after the acclaims – “Thanks must be given to the supreme God, the mighty and the terrible, creator of lands, with the perfection of wholeness, creator of man, and who places him above animals in understanding and language,” (translation: Joseph Tobi and Zivia Tobi, Wayne State University Press, 2014) Hag\u00e8ge clarified what drove him to write the book. It appears the author was quite confident that the language and its literature would last, and so he wrote: “After this, what will be set forth now is that the ‘Tunisian Arabic-Berber’ language, which our forefathers and even we ourselves have never ceased to speak to the present day, is a language like all the languages scattered all over the world. From the day of its creation until today it has been reinforced by a large number of learned writers, who were able to use this language, and they penned a great many literary compositions and love stories and weekly journals and even daily newspapers. We hope therefore that our historical essay will produce many benefits and will bestow esteem and honor upon our Jewish-Arabic language and renown to all the Tunisian Jewish master writers.” (Translation: Joseph Tobi and Zivia Tobi, Wayne State University Press, 2014)<\/p>\n

Hag\u00e8ge estimated that some 150 Tunisian authors, all of them men, wrote in Judeo-Arabic. His compilation lists bio-bibliographic details of 17 of them, including the author himself. Hag\u00e8ge summarizes his work in a few self-praising sentences, followed by a list of the 30 books he published.<\/p>\n

“The journalist Daniel Hag\u00e8ge, who has written for the journal al-Najma al-wa\u1e25\u012bda<\/em> since its revival, was born in our city of Tunis on July 15, 1892. After completing his schooling, a graduate of three grades in basic studies, he began working at the printing house with the revered writer the late Ya\u2018aqov Ha-Cohen on the weekly al-Shams<\/em> and the daily al-\u1e62aba\u1e25.<\/em> This was in 1904. On October 21, 1910, this writer was appointed chief editor of the weekly \u1e24ayat al-janna<\/em>, which lasted for several months. On August 1, 1913, he founded a magazine called al-Nuzha al-tunisiyya<\/em> (“Tunisian Pastime”), which continued to appear until the end of 1915. It was revived in 1933 when seven issues were published. Thereafter it closed by order of the government. In 1914 he published an important book titled Anwar tunis<\/em> (“Flowers of Tunis”), which contained the account Sabab takwin \u1e25arb uruppa<\/em> (“Causes of the Development of the European War”) and the story al-\u2018Ishq wa-al-\u1e25ubb ma fihim \u1e6dibb<\/em> (“There Is No Remedy in Lust and Love”) and several stirring Arabic articles and amusing tales.”<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\"
Bio-bibliographic details about Daniel Hag\u00e8ge, written by Hag\u00e8ge in Intishar al-ktayib<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Like many Jewish authors and journalists in Tunisia, Hag\u00e8ge made a living outside of literary writing and had a completely separate profession. The most interesting part of Hag\u00e8ge’s biography is his “secondary” income, which was, in fact, his main income: “And from April 1924,” writes Hag\u00e8ge, “He began to work for one year as a mixer of medicines at the pharmacy of the Greek opposite Sinigalia on the square. From 1926 to 1930 he worked at the Suq al-Grana with the late Rabbi Eli\u2018ezer Far\u1e25i, the pharmacist famous for his wisdom in plants and essences. Afterward he himself opened a shop at 4 Sidi al-Sridek Street in Tunis. This shop became well-known to everyone, as they came to learn of its great usefulness.” (Translation: Joseph Tobi and Zivia Tobi, Wayne State University Press, 2014)<\/p>\n

Daniel Hag\u00e8ge belonged to the last generation of Jewish Tunisian authors. He ceased writing in Judeo-Arabic in the 1940s. In his bio-bibliography, he stressed that readers did not appreciate the hard work and high expenses of publishing Judeo-Arabic newspapers and books. They preferred to loan a copy rather than buying one. “Alshari wahid w’alkari asharh<\/em>,” Hag\u00e8ge noted, meaning: “One buys, ten read.” (Translation: Joseph Tobi and Zivia Tobi, Wayne State University Press, 2014).<\/p>\n

In 1959, Hag\u00e8ge immigrated to Paris. He died in 1976, and, in accordance with his last will and testament, the last Jewish author of Tunisia was buried in Jerusalem.<\/p>\n

\"\"
An assortment of the 30 books Hag\u00e8ge wrote, the National Library of Israel collections<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

 <\/p>\n

The book Intishar al-ktayib al-yahudiyya al-barbariyya al-tunisiyya<\/a><\/em> was translated into Hebrew and published in 2000 by Zivia and Joseph Tobi as part of their study of Judeo-Arabic Tunisian literature<\/a>.<\/p>\n

\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Hag\u00e8ge estimated that some 150 Tunisian authors wrote in Judeo-Arabic. This article is in memory of 100 years of Judeo-Arabic literature.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":79878,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[216],"tags":[3704,2192],"tags2":[3705,2639],"class_list":["post-83384","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-diaspora","tag-jewish-authors","tag-north-african-jewry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nThe Story of Daniel Hag\u00e8ge: Judeo-Arabic Author and Documenter of Tunisian Jewry<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Hag\u00e8ge estimated that some 150 Tunisian authors wrote in Judeo-Arabic. This article is in memory of 100 years of Judeo-Arabic literature.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/en\/lbh_hagege\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"The Story of Daniel Hag\u00e8ge: Judeo-Arabic Author and Documenter of Tunisian Jewry\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"...\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/en\/lbh_hagege\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"The Librarians\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/NationalLibraryIsrael\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2020-09-07T14:06:48+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-06-25T08:02:57+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/1200-628-facebook-3.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1200\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"628\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"\u05d7\u05df \u05de\u05dc\u05d5\u05dc\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@NLIsrael\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@NLIsrael\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"\u05d7\u05df \u05de\u05dc\u05d5\u05dc\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"6 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/en\/lbh_hagege\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/en\/lbh_hagege\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"\u05d7\u05df \u05de\u05dc\u05d5\u05dc\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/en\/#\/schema\/person\/b2fafcc4ff416ddab035e6d4aaf9ef6a\"},\"headline\":\"The Story of Daniel Hag\u00e8ge: Judeo-Arabic Author and Documenter of Tunisian Jewry\",\"datePublished\":\"2020-09-07T14:06:48+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-06-25T08:02:57+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/en\/lbh_hagege\/\"},\"wordCount\":1165,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/en\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/en\/lbh_hagege\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/715-537-blog-8.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"Jewish Authors\",\"North African Jewry\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Diaspora\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/en\/lbh_hagege\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/en\/lbh_hagege\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/en\/lbh_hagege\/\",\"name\":\"The Story of Daniel Hag\u00e8ge: Judeo-Arabic Author and Documenter of Tunisian Jewry\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/en\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/en\/lbh_hagege\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/en\/lbh_hagege\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/715-537-blog-8.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2020-09-07T14:06:48+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-06-25T08:02:57+00:00\",\"description\":\"Hag\u00e8ge estimated that some 150 Tunisian authors wrote in Judeo-Arabic. This article is in memory of 100 years of Judeo-Arabic literature.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/en\/lbh_hagege\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/en\/lbh_hagege\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/en\/lbh_hagege\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/715-537-blog-8.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/715-537-blog-8.jpg\",\"width\":715,\"height\":537},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/en\/lbh_hagege\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/en\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"The Story of Daniel Hag\u00e8ge: Judeo-Arabic Author and Documenter of Tunisian Jewry\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/en\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/en\/\",\"name\":\"The Librarians\",\"description\":\"\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/en\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/en\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/en\/#organization\",\"name\":\"\u05d4\u05e1\u05e4\u05e8\u05e0\u05d9\u05dd - \u05d1\u05dc\u05d5\u05d2 \u05d4\u05e1\u05e4\u05e8\u05d9\u05d9\u05d4 \u05d4\u05dc\u05d0\u05d5\u05de\u05d9\u05ea\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/en\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/en\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/blog.nli.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/02\/Logo.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/blog.nli.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/02\/Logo.png\",\"width\":103,\"height\":64,\"caption\":\"\u05d4\u05e1\u05e4\u05e8\u05e0\u05d9\u05dd - \u05d1\u05dc\u05d5\u05d2 \u05d4\u05e1\u05e4\u05e8\u05d9\u05d9\u05d4 \u05d4\u05dc\u05d0\u05d5\u05de\u05d9\u05ea\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/en\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/NationalLibraryIsrael\",\"https:\/\/x.com\/NLIsrael\",\"https:\/\/instagram.com\/nli_israel\",\"http:\/\/pinterest.com\/nliisrael\/\",\"http:\/\/www.youtube.com\/user\/NLI2010\/featured\"]},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/en\/#\/schema\/person\/b2fafcc4ff416ddab035e6d4aaf9ef6a\",\"name\":\"\u05d7\u05df \u05de\u05dc\u05d5\u05dc\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/en\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/6844fe9bfba7e940bf543d6e40d7eb1a?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/6844fe9bfba7e940bf543d6e40d7eb1a?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"\u05d7\u05df \u05de\u05dc\u05d5\u05dc\"},\"description\":\"\u05d7\u05df \u05de\u05dc\u05d5\u05dc \u05d4\u05d5\u05d0 \u05db\u05d5\u05ea\u05d1, \u05d9\u05d5\u05e6\u05e8 \u05ea\u05d5\u05db\u05df \u05d5\u05d9\u05d6\u05dd \u05ea\u05e8\u05d1\u05d5\u05ea\u05d9. \u05de\u05d9\u05d9\u05e1\u05d3 \u05de\u05d5\u05e2\u05d3\u05d5\u05df \u05d4\u05ea\u05e8\u05d1\u05d5\u05ea \u05e9\u05dc \u05e1\u05e4\u05e8\u05d9\u05d9\u05ea \u05d1\u05d1\u05dc\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/en\/author\/chenm\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"The Story of Daniel Hag\u00e8ge: Judeo-Arabic Author and Documenter of Tunisian Jewry","description":"Hag\u00e8ge estimated that some 150 Tunisian authors wrote in Judeo-Arabic. This article is in memory of 100 years of Judeo-Arabic literature.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/en\/lbh_hagege\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"The Story of Daniel Hag\u00e8ge: Judeo-Arabic Author and Documenter of Tunisian Jewry","og_description":"...","og_url":"https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/en\/lbh_hagege\/","og_site_name":"The Librarians","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/NationalLibraryIsrael","article_published_time":"2020-09-07T14:06:48+00:00","article_modified_time":"2024-06-25T08:02:57+00:00","og_image":[{"width":1200,"height":628,"url":"https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/1200-628-facebook-3.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"\u05d7\u05df \u05de\u05dc\u05d5\u05dc","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_creator":"@NLIsrael","twitter_site":"@NLIsrael","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"\u05d7\u05df \u05de\u05dc\u05d5\u05dc","Est. reading time":"6 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/en\/lbh_hagege\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/en\/lbh_hagege\/"},"author":{"name":"\u05d7\u05df \u05de\u05dc\u05d5\u05dc","@id":"https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/en\/#\/schema\/person\/b2fafcc4ff416ddab035e6d4aaf9ef6a"},"headline":"The Story of Daniel Hag\u00e8ge: Judeo-Arabic Author and Documenter of Tunisian Jewry","datePublished":"2020-09-07T14:06:48+00:00","dateModified":"2024-06-25T08:02:57+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/en\/lbh_hagege\/"},"wordCount":1165,"commentCount":0,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/en\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/en\/lbh_hagege\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/715-537-blog-8.jpg","keywords":["Jewish Authors","North African Jewry"],"articleSection":["Diaspora"],"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/en\/lbh_hagege\/#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/en\/lbh_hagege\/","url":"https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/en\/lbh_hagege\/","name":"The Story of Daniel Hag\u00e8ge: Judeo-Arabic Author and Documenter of Tunisian Jewry","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/en\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/en\/lbh_hagege\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/en\/lbh_hagege\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/715-537-blog-8.jpg","datePublished":"2020-09-07T14:06:48+00:00","dateModified":"2024-06-25T08:02:57+00:00","description":"Hag\u00e8ge estimated that some 150 Tunisian authors wrote in Judeo-Arabic. This article is in memory of 100 years of Judeo-Arabic literature.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/en\/lbh_hagege\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/en\/lbh_hagege\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/en\/lbh_hagege\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/715-537-blog-8.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/715-537-blog-8.jpg","width":715,"height":537},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/en\/lbh_hagege\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/en\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"The Story of Daniel Hag\u00e8ge: Judeo-Arabic Author and Documenter of Tunisian Jewry"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/en\/#website","url":"https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/en\/","name":"The Librarians","description":"","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/en\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/en\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/en\/#organization","name":"\u05d4\u05e1\u05e4\u05e8\u05e0\u05d9\u05dd - \u05d1\u05dc\u05d5\u05d2 \u05d4\u05e1\u05e4\u05e8\u05d9\u05d9\u05d4 \u05d4\u05dc\u05d0\u05d5\u05de\u05d9\u05ea","url":"https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/en\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/en\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/blog.nli.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/02\/Logo.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/blog.nli.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/02\/Logo.png","width":103,"height":64,"caption":"\u05d4\u05e1\u05e4\u05e8\u05e0\u05d9\u05dd - \u05d1\u05dc\u05d5\u05d2 \u05d4\u05e1\u05e4\u05e8\u05d9\u05d9\u05d4 \u05d4\u05dc\u05d0\u05d5\u05de\u05d9\u05ea"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/en\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/NationalLibraryIsrael","https:\/\/x.com\/NLIsrael","https:\/\/instagram.com\/nli_israel","http:\/\/pinterest.com\/nliisrael\/","http:\/\/www.youtube.com\/user\/NLI2010\/featured"]},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/en\/#\/schema\/person\/b2fafcc4ff416ddab035e6d4aaf9ef6a","name":"\u05d7\u05df \u05de\u05dc\u05d5\u05dc","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/en\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/6844fe9bfba7e940bf543d6e40d7eb1a?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/6844fe9bfba7e940bf543d6e40d7eb1a?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"\u05d7\u05df \u05de\u05dc\u05d5\u05dc"},"description":"\u05d7\u05df \u05de\u05dc\u05d5\u05dc \u05d4\u05d5\u05d0 \u05db\u05d5\u05ea\u05d1, \u05d9\u05d5\u05e6\u05e8 \u05ea\u05d5\u05db\u05df \u05d5\u05d9\u05d6\u05dd \u05ea\u05e8\u05d1\u05d5\u05ea\u05d9. \u05de\u05d9\u05d9\u05e1\u05d3 \u05de\u05d5\u05e2\u05d3\u05d5\u05df \u05d4\u05ea\u05e8\u05d1\u05d5\u05ea \u05e9\u05dc \u05e1\u05e4\u05e8\u05d9\u05d9\u05ea \u05d1\u05d1\u05dc","url":"https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/en\/author\/chenm\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/83384","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=83384"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/83384\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":155800,"href":"https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/83384\/revisions\/155800"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/79878"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=83384"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=83384"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=83384"},{"taxonomy":"tags2","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags2?post=83384"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}