{"id":81172,"date":"2020-07-22T16:33:16","date_gmt":"2020-07-22T13:33:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.nli.org.il\/?p=81172"},"modified":"2023-02-19T16:30:49","modified_gmt":"2023-02-19T14:30:49","slug":"siddur-survived-the-nazis","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/en\/siddur-survived-the-nazis\/","title":{"rendered":"The Siddur That Survived the Nazis"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The synagogue in the current National Library of Israel building is located on the top floor. Observant visitors and employees gather here throughout the day to pray. For this purpose, the nearby reading rooms have <em>siddurim<\/em> (Jewish prayer books) available on their shelves. And so, not too long ago, a student working in the Music Department asked for a <em>siddur<\/em> so that she could take part in prayers.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_66558\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-66558\" style=\"width: 500px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blog.nli.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/IMG_7764.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-66558\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.nli.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/IMG_7764.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"448\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/IMG_7764.jpg 3376w, https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/IMG_7764-300x269.jpg 300w, https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/IMG_7764-768x688.jpg 768w, https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/IMG_7764-670x600.jpg 670w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-66558\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nli.org.il\/en\/books\/NNL_ALEPH001329673\/NLI\"><em>Seder Avodat Israel<\/em><\/a>, Schocken, 1937, the National Library of Israel collections, photo by Udi Edery<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The young woman was given a <em>siddur <\/em>that was thicker, heavier and larger than usual, and began to pray. But as soon as she opened the book, she was utterly shocked to see a complete, perfectly clear stamp of the Nazi eagle, its claws clutching a swastika underneath it, surrounded by a caption in German \u2013 the Nazi <em>Reichsadler<\/em>. The seal appeared on the <em>siddur<\/em>&#8216;s title page below the Hebrew caption which read: &#8220;<em>Seder Avodat Israel<\/em>, including prayers and blessings for the entire year, Shabbat portions and additions, <em>selichot <\/em>and additional prayers, with <em>Yakin Lashon<\/em> commentary, authored and edited by Rabbi Seligman Baer (Isaac Dov) Bamberger.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The title page states that it is a revised edition, published by Schocken in the Hebrew year 5697, or 1937. A year later, the &#8220;Night of Broken Glass&#8221; &#8211; <em>Kristallnacht <\/em>\u2013 would take place, while the racist Nuremberg Laws were already in full effect at the time of publication. The Nazi stamp belonged to the <em>Reichinstituts f\u00fcr Geschichte des neuen Deutschlands<\/em> library, namely the &#8220;Reich Institute for the History of New Germany.&#8221;<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_66575\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-66575\" style=\"width: 500px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blog.nli.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/IMG_7741_1.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-66575\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.nli.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/IMG_7741_1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"748\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/IMG_7741_1.jpg 2600w, https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/IMG_7741_1-200x300.jpg 200w, https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/IMG_7741_1-768x1150.jpg 768w, https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/IMG_7741_1-401x600.jpg 401w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-66575\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">The title page of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nli.org.il\/en\/books\/NNL_ALEPH001329673\/NLI\"><em>Seder Avodat Israel<\/em><\/a>, featuring the Nazi <em>Reichsadler<\/em> seal, Schocken, 1937, the National Library of Israel collections, photo by Udi Edery<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Librarians at the National Library of Israel are very familiar with the stamp and with the Reich Institute, as the seal appears in many books in the library&#8217;s collections. The books were brought here immediately after World War II, following the Holocaust, by the Jewish Cultural Reconstruction, Inc. organization. The group&#8217;s logo \u2013 a Star of David and the JCR&#8217;s name in Hebrew \u2013 also appears in the book.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_66564\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-66564\" style=\"width: 500px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blog.nli.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/IMG_7735_2.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-66564\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.nli.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/IMG_7735_2.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"665\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/IMG_7735_2.jpg 1124w, https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/IMG_7735_2-226x300.jpg 226w, https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/IMG_7735_2-768x1021.jpg 768w, https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/IMG_7735_2-451x600.jpg 451w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-66564\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Jewish Cultural Reconstruction, Inc. logo in the<em> siddur<\/em>&#8216;s bookplate (ex-libris), photo by Udi Edery<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The <em>siddur<\/em> contains another piece of history: a Hebrew label indicating that it was printed under a contract with the M. Lehrberger and Co. publishing house in Frankfurt am Main, &#8220;who had the good fortune of publishing the first edition of <em>Seder Avodat Israel<\/em>.&#8221; The Schocken publishing house continued to operate in Germany even after the Schocken family immigrated to Mandatory Palestine, when this was still permitted in Nazi Germany. Books such as this one were printed right up until the beginning of the Holocaust. Like many books belonging to Jews in Germany and in German-occupied countries, they were looted and collected as part of the Nazi plan to document the culture which they were simultaneously systematically destroying.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_66567\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-66567\" style=\"width: 500px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blog.nli.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/IMG_7735_1.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-66567\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.nli.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/IMG_7735_1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"737\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/IMG_7735_1.jpg 952w, https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/IMG_7735_1-203x300.jpg 203w, https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/IMG_7735_1-768x1133.jpg 768w, https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/IMG_7735_1-407x600.jpg 407w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-66567\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">&#8220;Printed under a contract with the M. Lehrberger and Co. publishing house in Frankfurt am Main, who had the good fortune of publishing the first edition of <em>Seder Avodat Israel<\/em>&#8220;, photo by Udi Edery<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The original copies of <em>Seder Avodat Israel <\/em>were published in R\u00f6delheim (a Frankfurt suburb) in 1868 and hundreds of editions were published throughout the years. Seligman Baer was a grammarian whose work focused primarily on prayers and <em>piyyutim<\/em> (Jewish liturgical hymns). The <em>siddur<\/em> was also designed to appeal to &#8220;modern&#8221; Jews who could read Hebrew but spoke German, thus the instructions do not appear in Yiddish but rather in German spelled with Hebrew letters. The commentary on the prayers and <em>piyyutim<\/em> is philological and summarizes modern research in addition to providing the traditional erudition. The<em> siddur&#8217;s<\/em> target audience was traditionally Orthodox Jews who were acquainted with European languages, Latin, as well as philology and Bible studies.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_66570\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-66570\" style=\"width: 500px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blog.nli.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/IMG_7755.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-66570\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.nli.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/IMG_7755.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"375\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/IMG_7755.jpg 4032w, https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/IMG_7755-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/IMG_7755-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/IMG_7755-800x600.jpg 800w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-66570\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nli.org.il\/en\/books\/NNL_ALEPH001329673\/NLI\"><em>Seder Avodat Israel<\/em><\/a>, Schocken, 1937, the National Library of Israel collections, photo by Udi Edery<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Either way, if you are not a librarian at the National Library of Israel, and you are not accustomed to opening books and finding the Nazi seal in them, then encountering a <em>siddur<\/em> such as this one can come as a bit of a shock. Indeed, when one holds this prayer book\u00a0in their hands, the eyes move naturally from the Nazi seal to the stamp of the &#8220;Jewish National and University Library&#8221;. How fierce is the irony of history \u2013 with this <em>siddur<\/em> now being put to use in Jerusalem, in the National Library of the State of Israel and the Jewish people.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>If you liked this article, try these:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blog.nli.org.il\/en\/mini_siddur\/\">Rare Books That Kept Prayer Alive During the Jewish Migrations of the 19th Century<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blog.nli.org.il\/en\/worms_mahzor\/\">The 13th Century Manuscript That Was Saved From the Nazis<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blog.nli.org.il\/en\/bookburning\/\">The Two Pages that Survived the Nazi Book Burnings<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div id=\"gtx-trans\" style=\"position: absolute; left: 1379px; top: 4105.8px;\">\n<div class=\"gtx-trans-icon\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>This prayer book was published by Schocken in 1937, a year before Kristallnacht. Decades later, a reader at the National Library was surprised to find in it a clearly visible Nazi seal featuring a swastika&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":204,"featured_media":66587,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[216],"tags":[2123,309],"tags2":[],"class_list":["post-81172","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-diaspora","tag-kristallnacht","tag-theholocaust"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v24.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>The Siddur That Survived the Nazis<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"This prayer book was published by Schocken in 1937, a year before Kristallnacht. 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