{"id":67657,"date":"2020-02-13T13:30:49","date_gmt":"2020-02-13T11:30:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.nli.org.il\/?p=67657"},"modified":"2021-07-21T14:21:57","modified_gmt":"2021-07-21T11:21:57","slug":"djm_moskowitz","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/en\/djm_moskowitz\/","title":{"rendered":"A 15th Century Jewish Prayer Book Has Been Fully Restored by the National Library"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The renowned <a href=\"https:\/\/web.nli.org.il\/sites\/nli\/english\/digitallibrary\/pages\/viewer.aspx?presentorid=MANUSCRIPTS&amp;docid=PNX_MANUSCRIPTS000044866-1#|FL36831905\">Moskowitz Mahzor<\/a> is a manuscript inscribed on parchment in the 15<sup>th<\/sup> century by Joel ben Simeon, considered by many to be the most important Jewish artist of the Middle Ages. Ben Simeon was a scribe and illuminator active in Germany and Northern Italy. The manuscript is considered exceptional due to the stunning illustrations and illuminations found throughout, including images of rabbits, bears, fish, squirrels, and birds, as well as imaginary creations such as a unicorn, and a diverse range of mythological, religious and astrological symbols.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_68955\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-68955\" style=\"width: 500px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/members.nli.org.il\/?utm_source=blog%20article%20&amp;utm_medium=banner&amp;utm_campaign=NLI%20Blog%20Outbrain\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-68955\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.nli.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/FB-Digitizing-Manuscripts-drop-shadow-300x300.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"500\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/FB-Digitizing-Manuscripts-drop-shadow-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/FB-Digitizing-Manuscripts-drop-shadow-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/FB-Digitizing-Manuscripts-drop-shadow-768x768.png 768w, https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/FB-Digitizing-Manuscripts-drop-shadow-600x600.png 600w, https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/FB-Digitizing-Manuscripts-drop-shadow.png 1100w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-68955\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><strong>Help us write the next chapter in the history of Israel and the Jewish people! Become an International Member of the National Library of Israel and join our family! Click on the image above for more information<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The restoration work on the Moskowitz Mahzor has now been completed and the exquisite manuscript is <a href=\"https:\/\/web.nli.org.il\/sites\/nli\/english\/digitallibrary\/pages\/viewer.aspx?presentorid=MANUSCRIPTS&amp;docid=PNX_MANUSCRIPTS000044866-1#|FL36831905\">available online<\/a> for the first time.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/blog.nli.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/04.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-67509\" title=\"\u05dc\u05d7\u05e6\u05d5 \u05db\u05d3\u05d9 \u05dc\u05d4\u05d2\u05d3\u05d9\u05dc\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.nli.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/04-850x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"353\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/04-850x600.jpg 850w, https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/04-300x212.jpg 300w, https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/04-768x542.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_67512\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-67512\" style=\"width: 414px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blog.nli.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/05.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-67512 size-large\" title=\"\u05dc\u05d7\u05e6\u05d5 \u05db\u05d3\u05d9 \u05dc\u05d4\u05d2\u05d3\u05d9\u05dc\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.nli.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/05-414x600.jpg\" alt=\"\u05de\u05d7\u05d6\u05d5\u05e8 \u05d4\u05ea\u05e4\u05d9\u05dc\u05d4 \u05dc\u05e4\u05e0\u05d9 \u05d4\u05e9\u05d7\u05d6\u05d5\u05e8\" width=\"414\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/05-414x600.jpg 414w, https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/05-207x300.jpg 207w, https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/05-768x1114.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 414px) 100vw, 414px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-67512\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Moskowitz Mahzor, before its restoration<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">It includes prayers according to the Jewish Roman rite for the entire year, including weekdays, the Sabbath, holidays, Torah readings, the Passover <em>Haggadah<\/em>, <em>Pirkei Avot<\/em> (Ethics of the Fathers) with Maimonides&#8217; commentary, various blessings, and rulings related to Jewish law.\u00a0 It is also exceptionally full of <em>piyyutim<\/em> (Jewish liturgical poetry), <em>slichot<\/em> (Jewish penitential prayers), as well as rare formulas of other prayers.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/blog.nli.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/IMG_8090-UDI.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-67702\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.nli.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/IMG_8090-UDI-300x225.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"375\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/IMG_8090-UDI-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/IMG_8090-UDI-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/IMG_8090-UDI-800x600.jpg 800w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/blog.nli.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/IMG_8096-UDI.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-67705\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.nli.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/IMG_8096-UDI-300x225.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"375\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/IMG_8096-UDI-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/IMG_8096-UDI-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/IMG_8096-UDI-800x600.jpg 800w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_67709\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-67709\" style=\"width: 500px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blog.nli.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/roma715.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-67709\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.nli.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/roma715-300x225.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"376\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/roma715-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/roma715.jpg 715w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-67709\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">After restoration<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The months long restoration work on the 376 page treasure was extremely complicated, primarily because poor attempts over the centuries to fix its binding had made it difficult to open without causing damage. A number of Latin texts found inside the binding, attest to some attempts to strengthen the cover. Many of the manuscript&#8217;s illustrations had also faded over time.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/blog.nli.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/IMG_8104-UDI.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-67690\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.nli.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/IMG_8104-UDI-300x225.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"375\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/IMG_8104-UDI-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/IMG_8104-UDI-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/IMG_8104-UDI-800x600.jpg 800w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/blog.nli.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/IMG_8109-UDI.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-67693\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.nli.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/IMG_8109-UDI-300x225.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"375\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/IMG_8109-UDI-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/IMG_8109-UDI-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/IMG_8109-UDI-800x600.jpg 800w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/blog.nli.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/IMG_8122-UDI.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-67699\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.nli.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/IMG_8122-UDI-300x225.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"375\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/IMG_8122-UDI-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/IMG_8122-UDI-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/IMG_8122-UDI-800x600.jpg 800w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_67696\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-67696\" style=\"width: 500px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blog.nli.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/IMG_8113-UDI.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-67696\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.nli.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/IMG_8113-UDI-300x225.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"375\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/IMG_8113-UDI-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/IMG_8113-UDI-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/IMG_8113-UDI-800x600.jpg 800w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-67696\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Several examples of decorative elements found in the Moskowitz Mahzor<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<div class=\"mceTemp\"><\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The Mahzor was donated to the National Library of Israel in 1970 by Henry and Rose Moskowitz of New York in memory of Henry&#8217;s parents, first wife, daughter and other relatives murdered in the Holocaust.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">According to Dr. Yoel Finkelman, Head of Collections and Haim and Hanna Salomon Judaica Collection curator at the National Library of Israel, &#8220;For a long time we unfortunately could not offer physical access to one of the most important and beautiful manuscripts in our collection due to its fragile condition. Now, as a result of the wonderful work done by the team in our Conservation and Restoration Laboratory, the manuscript has been restored and digitized, opening access to the world for the first time.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The complete restored Moskowitz Mahzor is now <a href=\"https:\/\/web.nli.org.il\/sites\/nli\/english\/digitallibrary\/pages\/viewer.aspx?presentorid=MANUSCRIPTS&amp;docid=PNX_MANUSCRIPTS000044866-1#|FL36831905\">available online<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>If you liked this article, try these:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/blog.nli.org.il\/en\/kehilot-moshe\/\">Kehilot Moshe: The Discovery of a Rare Illustrated Bible<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/blog.nli.org.il\/en\/how-to-buy-a-manuscript\/\">How to Buy a Jewish Manuscript in Four (Not So) Easy Steps<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/blog.nli.org.il\/en\/djm_400_manuscript\/\">Saving a 400 Year-Old Manuscript<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The &#8220;Moskowitz Mahzor&#8221; was created by one of the Middle Ages&#8217; most important Jewish artists, Joel ben Simeon; It is now available to the public online<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":67709,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[218],"tags":[],"tags2":[],"class_list":["post-67657","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-judaism"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v24.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>A 15th Century Jewish Prayer Book Has Been Fully Restored by the National Library<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The &quot;Moskowitz Mahzor&quot; was created by one of the Middle Ages&#039; most important Jewish artists, Joel ben Simeon; It is now available to the public online\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/en\/djm_moskowitz\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"A 15th Century Jewish Prayer Book Has Been Fully Restored by the National Library\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The &quot;Moskowitz Mahzor&quot; 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