{"id":60454,"date":"2019-11-18T14:52:24","date_gmt":"2019-11-18T12:52:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.nli.org.il\/?p=60454"},"modified":"2022-05-30T09:12:39","modified_gmt":"2022-05-30T06:12:39","slug":"rhodes-torah","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/en\/rhodes-torah\/","title":{"rendered":"How a 500 Year-Old Torah Scroll Was Saved from the Nazi Conquest of Rhodes"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The Torah scroll pictured above was originally inscribed in Spain in either the 14th or 15th century, but that was just the beginning\u2026<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">At some point, it arrived at the famous<em> Kahal Shalom<\/em> synagogue on the island of Rhodes, which is today the oldest active synagogue in Greece. It was likely brought there by Jewish exiles from Spain or their descendants and may very well have been stored in the synagogue since its founding in 1593.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_60463\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-60463\" style=\"width: 500px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blog.nli.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/page.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-60463\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.nli.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/page-276x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"544\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/page-276x300.jpg 276w, https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/page-768x835.jpg 768w, https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/page-552x600.jpg 552w, https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/page.jpg 980w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-60463\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Book of Exodus, from the Rhodes Torah scroll. The National Library collections<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The first evidence of a Sephardic-Jewish presence on Rhodes dates to the Ottoman period, which began with the conquest of the island in 1522.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">For hundreds of years, the members of Rhodes&#8217; Jewish community would read from this scroll at services held at <em>Kahal Shalom<\/em>. The community thrived and by the 1920s, a quarter of the town of Rhodes&#8217; population was Jewish. \u00a0It all came to an end with the Nazi conquest and the deportation of the island&#8217;s Jews to Auschwitz in July of 1944.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Just a few days before the deportation, members of the community were able to smuggle the scroll out of the synagogue and place it in the custody of the Mufti of Rhodes, Sheikh Suleyman Kasiloglou. The mufti is said to have hidden the Torah under the pulpit of the Murad Reis Mosque, where the Nazis would never think to look.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">1,673 Jews were sent from Rhodes to Auschwitz where they were put to death. Selahattin \u00dclk\u00fcmen, the Turkish Consul-General on the island, was able to save around 50 members of the community by stating that they were Turkish citizens. This was only true for a dozen or so. Regarding the rest, \u00dclk\u00fcmen fabricated a lie claiming that spouses of Turkish citizens were citizens themselves. His heroic intervention saved their lives.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_58016\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-58016\" style=\"width: 500px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-58016\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.nli.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/Coat-of-the-Torah-Scroll-from-Spain-NLI.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"888\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/Coat-of-the-Torah-Scroll-from-Spain-NLI.jpg 423w, https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/Coat-of-the-Torah-Scroll-from-Spain-NLI-169x300.jpg 169w, https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/Coat-of-the-Torah-Scroll-from-Spain-NLI-338x600.jpg 338w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-58016\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Rhodes Torah Mantle, the Natonal Library collections<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/blog.nli.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/\u05ea\u05de\u05d5\u05e0\u05d4-\u05e8\u05d0\u05e9\u05d9\u05ea.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-58031\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.nli.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/\u05ea\u05de\u05d5\u05e0\u05d4-\u05e8\u05d0\u05e9\u05d9\u05ea.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"472\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/\u05ea\u05de\u05d5\u05e0\u05d4-\u05e8\u05d0\u05e9\u05d9\u05ea.jpg 960w, https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/\u05ea\u05de\u05d5\u05e0\u05d4-\u05e8\u05d0\u05e9\u05d9\u05ea-300x283.jpg 300w, https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/\u05ea\u05de\u05d5\u05e0\u05d4-\u05e8\u05d0\u05e9\u05d9\u05ea-768x725.jpg 768w, https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/\u05ea\u05de\u05d5\u05e0\u05d4-\u05e8\u05d0\u05e9\u05d9\u05ea-636x600.jpg 636w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Following the conclusion of World War II, the Torah scroll was returned to the community&#8217;s few surviving members, in the presence of soldiers from the British Army&#8217;s Jewish Brigade.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">In June of 1999, the scroll was deposited at the National Library of Israel by Jacqueline Benatar and her sister Miriam Pimienta-Benatar, to serve as a memorial to the martyrs of Rhodes, their parents among them. The donation was carried out at the suggestion of the President of the Rhodes Jewish community, Mr. Moise Soriano.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_58019\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-58019\" style=\"width: 500px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-58019\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.nli.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/Donation-of-the-Torah-scroll-by-the-Benatar-family-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"338\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/Donation-of-the-Torah-scroll-by-the-Benatar-family-1.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/Donation-of-the-Torah-scroll-by-the-Benatar-family-1-300x203.jpg 300w, https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/Donation-of-the-Torah-scroll-by-the-Benatar-family-1-768x519.jpg 768w, https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/Donation-of-the-Torah-scroll-by-the-Benatar-family-1-888x600.jpg 888w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-58019\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">The women of the Benatar family depositing the Torah scroll at the National Library of Israel<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><em>You can find the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nli.org.il\/en\/manuscripts\/NNL_ALEPH002560039\/NLI\">Rhodes Torah scroll<\/a> today at the National Library of Israel.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>If you liked this article, try these:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/blog.nli.org.il\/en\/smuggle\/\">The Package is Secure: How Jewish Women Were Smuggled to Safety in 19th Century Italy<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/blog.nli.org.il\/en\/worms_mahzor\/\">The 13th Century Manuscript That Was Saved From the Nazis<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/blog.nli.org.il\/en\/agnon_kristallnacht\/\">The Book that Survived Kristallnacht and Made it to the Land of Israel<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The scroll was hidden away from the German occupiers in an unlikely location\u2026<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":58012,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[216],"tags":[1817],"tags2":[],"class_list":["post-60454","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-diaspora","tag-greek-jewry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v24.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>How a 500 Year-Old Torah Scroll Was Saved from the Nazi Conquest of Rhodes<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The scroll was hidden away from the German occupiers in an unlikely location\u2026\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, 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