{"id":55142,"date":"2019-09-09T14:40:18","date_gmt":"2019-09-09T11:40:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.nli.org.il\/?p=55142"},"modified":"2021-11-23T12:10:12","modified_gmt":"2021-11-23T10:10:12","slug":"afghan-geniza-hermitage","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/en\/afghan-geniza-hermitage\/","title":{"rendered":"Hermitage Exhibit to Display NLI Afghan Geniza Treasures for First Time"},"content":{"rendered":"

Some two dozen extremely rare treasures from the National Library of Israel’s Afghan Geniza collection are being displayed to the public for the first time as part of “Life in Medieval Khorasan. A Geniza from the National Library of Israel” at the State Hermitage Museum in St. Petersburg. The exhibition also features rare artifacts from the Hermitage’s collections that will give a fuller sense of life in Medieval Khorasan.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
The exhibit featuring the National Library’s Afghan Geniza documents at the State Hermitage Museum in St. Petersburg, Russia<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

The Afghan Geniza presents virtually the only original documentation about this once-thriving Jewish community on the Silk Road, as well as the region’s Islamic and Persian cultures prior to the devastating Mongol invasion. The 11th<\/sup>-13th<\/sup> century documents provide an unprecedented glimpse into the day-to-day life, society, and economy along the Silk Road, the ancient highway which once linked Europe and China.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
A page from an account book containing information about the economic activity of its owner, “Yehuda son of Daniel”, from the early 11th century. The many names of individuals and localities recorded in the book attest to strong ties between this Jewish trader and the Muslim rural and urban populations of B\u0101miy\u0101n. The National Library of Israel<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

The National Library of Israel’s Afghan Geniza holdings comprise nearly 300 pages, some 250 of which were acquired in 2016 with the generous support of the William Davidson Foundation and the Haim and Hanna Salomon Fund. It is considered perhaps the most important find of Hebrew manuscripts since the discovery of the Dead Sea Scrolls in the mid-20th<\/sup> century.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Much of the collection comes from an archive of the eleventh-century Abu Netzer family of Jewish traders living in and around the city of B\u0101miy\u0101n, a once-bustling commercial center located on the Silk Road.\u00a0 One fragment represents the earliest evidence of a rabbinic text found in Persian-speaking lands to the East of the rabbinic centers of Babylon. The collection, written in Persian, Arabic, Aramaic, and Judeo-Persian, also includes legal documents, liturgy, poetry, texts of Jewish law, a historical chronicle, and biblical passages.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
This fragment of Tractate Avoda Zara<\/em> from the Mishnah represents the earliest evidence of a rabbinic text found in Persian-speaking lands to the East of the traditional rabbinic center in Babylonia. The National Library of Israel<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

“This is a particularly impressive find related to the lives and culture of Jews from this part of the world from the beginning of the second millennium,” explained Prof. Haggai Ben Shammai, a world-renowned expert on Jews of the Islamic world. According to Ben Shammai, the collection is of exceptional importance due to the previous dearth of first-hand accounts and evidence of Jewish life under local dynastic rule. Literary source materials had also been severely lacking until this discovery.<\/p>\n

Another portion of the collection contains documents dating from the early 13th<\/sup> century, chronicling the broader Islamic culture on the eve of the devastating Mongol conquests of 1221. As a result of the destruction wrought by Genghis Khan and his army, almost no documentation of the Persian and Arabic culture and language of the region exists besides these documents.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
The first few lines of a letter sent by a woman named N\u0101zuk, daughter of Yosef, to Yehuda, son of Daniel. N\u0101zuk was either a member of Yehuda\u2019s family or a close friend. For example, she mentions B\u0101 (=Ab\u016b) \u02bfImr\u0101n Moshe, probably Yehuda\u2019s son, who came to visit her. This is the only known letter from the family archive thus far to be sent by a woman, though it is not clear if she wrote it herself (early 11th century). The National Library of Israel<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Many items in the collection had been part of a local administrator’s archive, and contain administrative documents and fragments of religious and literary works, mainly in Persian. This material provides an unparalleled view into the workings of government administration, politics, and law in the region.<\/p>\n

Though later Muslim scholars have written histories of the Islamic dynasties who reigned over the region, this singular collection of primary sources has shed light on uncharted areas of research including economics and geography, as well as \u00a0social and political history.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
A tax receipt concerning the delivery of 240 mann of wheat to the \u201croyal granary\u201d (anb\u0101r-i kh\u0101\u1e63\u1e63\u0101) by A\u1e25mad b. Ab\u016b Bakr, an inhabitant of Funduqist\u0101n (in the Gh\u016brband valley). The collection contains around thirty receipts issued in the years 564\u2013566\/1169\u20131171 and 579\u2013581\/1183\u20131185, which provide valuable information regarding the tax collection system of Ghurid B\u0101miy\u0101n. The National Library of Israel<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

NLI has digitized the materials and made them available to the international community of scholars and the general public. They will be preserved and displayed in the National Library of Israel’s new landmark campus, now under construction adjacent to the Knesset (Israeli Parliament) in Jerusalem.<\/p>\n

David Blumberg, Chairman of the National Library of Israel Board of Directors, said, “We are grateful to our partners at the Hermitage for this historic collaboration. The exhibit highlights the National Library of Israel’s role as a dynamic international cultural center dedicated to promoting discourse and opening access to knowledge. It reflects the timeless Jewish values of treasuring the power of texts to unify, educate, and inspire.”<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
David Blumberg, chairman of the National Library of Israel board of directors, and Mikhail Piotrovsky, director of the State Hermitage Museum, officially open the exhibit<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

The exhibition curator is Anton Pritula, leading researcher in the State Hermitage Museum’s Oriental Department, PhD in Philology. You can read more about the exhibition here<\/a>.<\/p>\n

The exhibition has been made possible with the generous support of Barbro and Bernard Osher and The David Berg Foundation.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Information on the Afghan Geniza documents included in the captions above is based on research conducted by Ofir Haim<\/em>.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

If you liked this article, try these:<\/strong><\/p>\n

A First Glimpse into the Treasures of the Afghan Geniza<\/a><\/p>\n

A Personal Story of Migration as Told in a 1000-Year-Old Jewish-Afghan Letter<\/a><\/p>\n

Rare: A Remnant of One of the Oldest Yom Kippur Prayer Books in the World<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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