{"id":45404,"date":"2019-04-18T07:52:33","date_gmt":"2019-04-18T04:52:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.nli.org.il\/?p=45404"},"modified":"2021-07-12T14:38:32","modified_gmt":"2021-07-12T11:38:32","slug":"moshe_yaakov_ben_gavriel","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/en\/moshe_yaakov_ben_gavriel\/","title":{"rendered":"Who Was the Nazi Guest at a House Party in Jerusalem in 1933?"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"fb-root\"><\/div>\n<p><script>(function(d, s, id) {\n  var js, fjs = d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0];\n  if (d.getElementById(id)) return;\n  js = d.createElement(s); js.id = id;\n  js.src = 'https:\/\/connect.facebook.net\/en_GB\/sdk.js#xfbml=1&version=v3.1&appId=488871037847617&autoLogAppEvents=1';\n  fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js, fjs);\n}(document, 'script', 'facebook-jssdk'));<\/script><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u201cYesterday, like every Sunday evening, we had many guests over. Suddenly a group arrived led by one of Germany&#8217;s least pleasant doctors. He presented the others: Mrs. and Mr. Dr. Tuchler from Berlin and Mr. and Mrs. Leopold von Mildenstein \u2013 a reporter for the V\u00f6lkischer Beobachter newspaper, meaning an official Nazi figure.\u201d<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">This is how the Jewish Austrian writer, Moshe Ya\u2019akov Ben-Gavriel, described the moment when a Nazi official and his wife arrived one evening at an event he held in his Jerusalem home in 1933. The words were jotted down by Ben-Gavriel in his personal diary, now preserved in the National Library of Israel archives.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_45409\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-45409\" style=\"width: 500px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-45409\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.nli.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/bengavriel.jpg\" alt=\"bengavriel\" width=\"500\" height=\"715\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/bengavriel.jpg 331w, https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/bengavriel-210x300.jpg 210w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-45409\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Moshe Ya&#8217;akov Ben-Gavriel circa 1933.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Moshe Ya&#8217;akov Ben-Gavriel was born Eugen Hoeflich, in Vienna in 1891. During WWI, he served as an officer in the Austrian Army, and in this capacity, visited Jerusalem where he discovered his own personal connection to the Land of Israel. In 1927, Eugen immigrated to Jerusalem with his wife, changed his name to Moshe Yaakov Ben-Gavriel and began working as a journalist, writing European and American outlets.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Ben-Gavriel would, on occasion, host salons at his home on Ben Shetach Street in the heart of Jerusalem, in which people would gather to study and share ideas through discussion and debate. On the night in question, the German doctor who remained unnamed in Ben-Gavriel\u2019s diary entry, brought Kurt Tuchler, a Jewish judge from Breslau who was visiting the country along with him to the event \u2013 though it appears from Ben-Gavriel\u2019s account that the addition of the Nazi official and his wife was unexpected.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u201cFor a moment I was surprised, in the end, I asked them to enter and I immediately updated everyone about who the man and the made-up lady with the \u2018Aryan\u2019 look were,\u201d wrote Ben-Gavriel.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_45412\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-45412\" style=\"width: 500px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-45412\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.nli.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/page1-917x600.jpeg\" alt=\"Moshe Yaakov Ben-Gavriel\" width=\"500\" height=\"327\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/page1-917x600.jpeg 917w, https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/page1-300x196.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/page1-768x503.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/page1.jpeg 1427w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-45412\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Page from the diary of Moshe Ya&#8217;akov Ben-Gavriel. From the National Library of Israel archive.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Tuchler had brought Leopold von Mildenstein along with him to the salon that evening. Von Mildenstein, an Austrian citizen, joined the Nazi party in 1929 and enlisted in the SS in 1932. He was the director of the SS office that dealt with Jewish affairs, a position that would later be held by Adolf Eichmann.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Interestingly enough, SS Officer Mildenstein was a supporter of the Zionist idea. He was in favor of a \u201chumane solution\u201d to the \u201cJewish problem\u201d and was promoting the expulsion of the Jews of Europe to the Land of Israel as a way to achieve Hitler\u2019s goals while avoiding widespread bloodshed.<\/p>\n<h4><strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/groups\/299090977346058\/\">Join our group to learn more about Jewish life in Europe: <\/a><\/strong><\/h4>\n<div align=\"center\">\n<div class=\"fb-group\" data-href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/groups\/299090977346058\/\/\" data-width=\"280\" data-show-social-context=\"true\" data-show-metadata=\"true\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">It was for this purpose that Leopold von Mildenstein traveled to the Land of Israel in 1933 after the Nazis had come to power where he met his new Jewish friend, Judge Kurt Tuchler \u2013 to research and understand the realities on the ground in the hopes of implementing his solution. Mildenstein toured the land and excitedly wrote about his experiences for a Nazi newspaper, believing this to be the answer they were looking for.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u201cA few of the guests made themselves scarce,\u201d wrote Ben-Gavriel, \u201cThe others actively yet cautiously participated in the discussion. I heard from the Nazi, a young and not unpleasant man, that he arrived from Berlin a few weeks ago accompanied by the jurist Tuchler \u2013 strange people! \u2013 and that they are traveling from settlement to settlement in order to write articles for this official newspaper.&#8221;<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_45414\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-45414\" style=\"width: 500px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-45414\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.nli.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/pg2and3-917x600.jpeg\" alt=\"Moshe Yaakov Ben-Gavriel\" width=\"500\" height=\"327\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/pg2and3-917x600.jpeg 917w, https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/pg2and3-300x196.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/pg2and3-768x502.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/pg2and3.jpeg 1492w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-45414\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Page from the diary of Moshe Ya&#8217;akov Ben-Gavriel. From the National Library of Israel archive.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">According to Ben-Gavriel\u2019s account, Mildenstein was deeply engaged and inspired by his visit. While he was undoubtedly suspicious of the Nazi, he found himself scheduling an appointment to continue the conversation that began during the salon, though his journal does not indicate if that second meeting ever occurred.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u201cThe guest was very excited about the building going on in the Land, even attempting to say a few words in Hebrew and generally trying to act in a cultured manner. I remained very cautious and tried to get more information out of him; for this purpose, even scheduling another meeting with him. We talked about all types of subjects, but regarding the developments in Germany \u2013 not a word!\u201d<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Before Mildenstein left the Ben-Gavriel home he signed their guestbook leaving his official mark on what must have been an interesting and unique evening.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_45417\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-45417\" style=\"width: 500px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-45417\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.nli.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/signatures-e1556531518718.jpeg\" alt=\"Moshe Yaakov Ben-Gavriel. \" width=\"500\" height=\"640\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/signatures-e1556531518718.jpeg 1197w, https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/signatures-e1556531518718-234x300.jpeg 234w, https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/signatures-e1556531518718-768x984.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/signatures-e1556531518718-468x600.jpeg 468w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-45417\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Page from Moshe Ya&#8217;akov Ben-Gavriel&#8217;s guestbook featuring the signatures of Kurt Tuchler and Leopold von Mildenstein. From the National Library of Israel archives.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">As has been well-documented, the Nazi party eventually abandoned the idea of &#8220;Forced Migration&#8221; &#8211; expelling the Jews of Europe to Mandatory Palestine &#8211; in favor of the Final Solution.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Kurt Tuchler and Leopold von Mildenstein\u2019s friendship continued long after the salon in 1933. Their relationship which lasted through the Holocaust and beyond became the subject of the 2011 Israeli documentary, \u201cThe Flat,\u201d produced by Tuchler\u2019s grandson, Arnon Goldfinger, which explored their unique connection.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><em>Special thanks to Dr. Stefan Litt and Zachary Rothbart for their help in writing this article.\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><em>This post was written as part of Gesher L\u2019Europa, the NLI\u2019s initiative to connect with Europe and make our collections available to diverse audiences in Europe and beyond.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>If you liked this article, try these:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/blog.nli.org.il\/en\/kasztner_transport\/\">Double-Crossed by Eichmann: New Lists from the Kasztner Train Revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A Jewish judge and an SS officer walk into a salon in the Land of Israel\u2026It may sound like the start of a joke but the following is a true story.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":95,"featured_media":45405,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[217],"tags":[305,649,1232,238,1218,309],"tags2":[],"class_list":["post-45404","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-land-of-israel","tag-europe","tag-gesherleuropa","tag-history-of-israel","tag-land-of-israel","tag-life-before-the-holocaust","tag-theholocaust"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v24.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Who Was the Nazi Guest at a House Party in Jerusalem in 1933?<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"A Jewish judge and an SS officer walk into a salon in the Land of Israel\u2026It may sound like the start of a joke but the following is a true 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