{"id":44555,"date":"2019-04-04T16:20:05","date_gmt":"2019-04-04T13:20:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.nli.org.il\/?p=44555"},"modified":"2019-09-08T11:35:50","modified_gmt":"2019-09-08T08:35:50","slug":"great-unknown","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/en\/great-unknown\/","title":{"rendered":"All that Remains of &#8220;The Great Unknown&#8221;"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"fb-root\"><\/div>\n<p><script>(function(d, s, id) {\n  var js, fjs = d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0];\n  if (d.getElementById(id)) return;\n  js = d.createElement(s); js.id = id;\n  js.src = 'https:\/\/connect.facebook.net\/en_GB\/sdk.js#xfbml=1&version=v3.1&appId=488871037847617&autoLogAppEvents=1';\n  fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js, fjs);\n}(document, 'script', 'facebook-jssdk'));<\/script><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Beginning in the last years of the 19th century, a new medium conquered the entertainment industry: cinema. During the first three decades of the development of cinema, viewers had to tolerate watching moving pictures that played with musical accompaniment. From the end of the 1920s, the number of films featuring synchronized sound (&#8220;talkies&#8221;) began to grow steadily, and within just a few years, silent films disappeared entirely.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Disappearing with them were also many actors who did not adjust to the new demands of the medium, including the soundtrack. In effect, film was a technological upgrade of theater: on theater stages, actors would appear every evening before a new audience, as they do today, while films preserve a one-time production of the plot. The film reels could be reproduced countless times, so copies of the film could be screened in the various cinemas in many cities across the globe \u2013 and in every screening, the audience would see the same version of the work (with the exception of differences that arose from the conditions of screening or from technical defects in the particular copy of the film).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Many cinemas also sprung up in Germany. Already in the days of Imperial Germany, these institutions drew an audience that was enthusiastic for even more films to be produced. The rate of film production was greatly accelerated during the years of the Weimar Republic \u2013 despite the tremendous economic problems that hindered the growth of the branch in the early 1920s. The production companies also operated movie theater chains such as UFA and EMELKA. In 1927, there were already some 4,300 cinemas in Germany, and the largest among them could house over 1,000 viewers. Premiere screenings of the new films took place in prominent movie theaters in the large cities, in order to ensure a large audience and immediate positive public response with the film\u2019s release. Film critics and journalists were invited to these screenings, in the hope that they would write positive reviews in the newspapers, which in turn would be likely to draw more viewers to subsequent screenings.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">One of the cultural critics active in Berlin was Carl Ehrenstein (1892-1971), a Viennese Jew, and brother of the well-known expressionist writer Albert Ehrenstein.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_44566\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-44566\" style=\"width: 500px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-44566\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.nli.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/ehrenstein-portrait.jpg\" alt=\"Albert Ehrenstein, Karl's brother\" width=\"500\" height=\"797\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/ehrenstein-portrait.jpg 301w, https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/ehrenstein-portrait-188x300.jpg 188w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-44566\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Albert Ehrenstein, Carl&#8217;s brother<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Carl, who also attempted to create literary works in the expressionist style (but without much success), wrote reviews of various cultural events that took place in the German capital in the mid-1920s, often for the communist newspaper, Die Welt am Abend (&#8220;The World in the Evening&#8221;). Ehrenstein saved the invitations, entrance tickets and drafts of his articles about the events, as well as the final texts that were ultimately published in the newspaper. In this manner, his personal archive presents an impressive picture of the cultural life of Berlin in the \u201cGolden Twenties.\u201d<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_44560\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-44560\" style=\"width: 500px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-44560\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.nli.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/B7-Unbekannte-1-380x600.jpg\" alt=\"Cover of the invitation to the premier of Der gro\u00dfe Unbekannte, 1927, National Library of Israel Collections \" width=\"500\" height=\"789\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/B7-Unbekannte-1-380x600.jpg 380w, https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/B7-Unbekannte-1-190x300.jpg 190w, https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/B7-Unbekannte-1-768x1212.jpg 768w, https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/B7-Unbekannte-1.jpg 890w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-44560\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Cover of the invitation to the premiere of &#8220;Der Gro\u00dfe Unbekannte&#8221; &#8211; &#8220;The Great Uknown&#8221;, 1927, the National Library of Israel collections<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">One of the events reviewed by Carl Ehrenstein was the first screening of the silent film \u201cThe Great Unknown,\u201d held on October 13, 1927, at the Emelka Palace Theater on Berlin\u2019s grand entertainment boulevard Kurf\u00fcrstendamm. This movie was the first rendering of one of the spy novels written by British author Edgar Wallace (1875-1932): The Sinister Man. Wallace\u2019s spy novels were very popular in Germany and appeared on the bestseller lists even decades after their publication. However, because this particular book was translated into German only a year after the premiere screening of the film, the plot was still unknown to most of the viewing audience.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_44562\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-44562\" style=\"width: 500px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-44562\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.nli.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/B7-Unbekannte-4-477x600.jpg\" alt=\"The text of Ehrenstein's review of the film\" width=\"500\" height=\"629\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/B7-Unbekannte-4-477x600.jpg 477w, https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/B7-Unbekannte-4-239x300.jpg 239w, https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/B7-Unbekannte-4.jpg 568w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-44562\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">The text of Ehrenstein&#8217;s review of the film<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The film was produced and directed by Manfred Noa, a German director, who apparently came from a Jewish background, and who directed approximately 30 films during the 1920s. The most outstanding of these was a cinematic version (the only to this day) of the play \u201cNathan the Wise\u201d (1922) by Gotthold Ephraim Lessing. \u201cThe Great Unknown\u201d, however, whose spectators included Carl Ehrenstein, belongs to another genre and appealed to a wider audience.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/groups\/299090977346058\/\">Join our group to learn more about Jewish life in Europe:<\/a><\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The plot tells the story of a drug dealer, the power struggles of criminal gangs, and big money. The assortment of actors appearing in the film is a good representation of the cosmopolitan atmosphere of Berlin in the 1920s. It included actors from England, France, Austria, Germany, and even Asia. As occurred often, six years after the production, with the Nazi rise to power, the paths of the actors who appeared together in the film diverged. For example, Jack Trevor, the British actor who played the film&#8217;s leading role, moved to Germany and stayed there even through the Nazi period, during which he was forced to broadcast news on the radio throughout World War II. His Jewish colleague, Kurt Gerron, who was a very well-known actor in Germany, attempted to flee the Nazis but was apprehended and became an inmate at Terez\u00edn (Theresienstadt) where the Nazis forced the actor, who was also a director, to direct a propaganda film on the Theresienstadt Ghetto, the \u201cCity of Jews.\u201d Ultimately, Kurt Gerron was murdered in Auschwitz a few months after the film was produced.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_44564\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-44564\" style=\"width: 500px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-44564\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.nli.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/B7-Unbekannte-3-735x600.jpg\" alt=\"The invitation to the premiere, including the names of the actors and their parts\" width=\"500\" height=\"408\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/B7-Unbekannte-3-735x600.jpg 735w, https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/B7-Unbekannte-3-300x245.jpg 300w, https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/B7-Unbekannte-3-768x627.jpg 768w, https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/B7-Unbekannte-3.jpg 1739w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-44564\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">The invitation to the premiere, including the names of the actors and their respective roles<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">It is clear that when Carl Ehrenstein wrote his review of \u201cThe Great Unknown,\u201d all that was yet to happen to those involved in it, and to the film itself, was unknown to him. In Ehrenstein\u2019s opinion, the plot of the film was boring and represented bourgeois values (it should be remembered that he was writing for a communist newspaper). In contrast, he did not conceal his opinion that the directing and acting were good. As far as we know, every existing copy of the film disappeared. All that remains from \u201cThe Great Unknown\u201d is the announcements advertising it, as well as the rare invitation to the opening screening presented here, which Carl Ehrenstein preserved among his documents.<\/p>\n\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>When culture critic Carl Ehrenstein reviewed the 1927 film, &#8220;The Great Unknown,&#8221; he could not have known the fate that would befall the actors at the hands of the Nazis.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":33,"featured_media":44556,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[216],"tags":[],"tags2":[],"class_list":["post-44555","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-diaspora"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v24.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>All that Remains of &quot;The Great 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