{"id":38608,"date":"2024-05-13T20:00:00","date_gmt":"2024-05-13T17:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.nli.org.il\/?p=38608"},"modified":"2024-05-14T12:01:37","modified_gmt":"2024-05-14T09:01:37","slug":"wallish","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/en\/wallish\/","title":{"rendered":"Declaring Independence With 150 Lira in Your Pocket"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

At 11:00 AM on the morning of May 13, 1948, one day before Israel declared statehood, Otte Wallish was given a very sensitive assignment. The official graphic artist of the Hebrew Yishuv<\/em> (the Jewish community in pre-State Israel) was summoned to an urgent meeting at the Tel Aviv Museum \u2013 at the time, the only museum in the first Hebrew city. He had been summoned by Ze\u2019ev Sherf, who had only recently been appointed “Temporary Secretary of the People\u2019s Administration”. During the hasty meeting, which lasted no more than a few minutes, Sherf assigned Otte Wallish his task: \u201cGet the large hall of the museum ready within 24 hours. That\u2019s where the ceremony for the Declaration of Independence will take place.\u201d Before Wallish could even ask for details, Sherf disappeared from the room to in a rush to attend to the other pressing items on his agenda that day.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
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Otte Wallish at work. Source: Wallish family<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

Wallish was given a budget of 150 lira.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ben-Gurion\u2019s plan was for the ceremony to be held under a heavy veil of secrecy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wallish approached this urgent task with every ounce of energy he had left after having spent several sleepless nights designing the first series of stamps to be used by the state-in-the-making. As the battles of the War of Independence were underway in neighboring Jaffa, Wallish ran around the streets of Tel Aviv to purchase a wooden desk, cloth to cover up the walls that were covered in nude images behind the stage upon which the nation\u2019s leaders would be sitting in a few short hours, and a carpet to lend the hall a more dignified ambiance. The chairs to be placed on the stage were confiscated from local cafes. The meager budget wasn\u2019t enough to cover flags, and it wasn\u2019t possible to get a picture of the Zionist visionary Theodor Herzl from any of the stores. He therefore borrowed both of these items from the Keren Hayesod (the United Israel Appeal). However, the flags needed to be washed, so Wallish took them to a nearby laundromat and ordered \u201clightning-fast washing.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
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Some of the expenses that were paid for the Declaration of Statehood ceremony, from the Ari Wallish Collection<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

The nude statue at the entrance to the museum was covered in white cloth, and even though the War of Independence was still in its initial stages, Wallish decided to cover all the window curtains in the hall with black, as a precaution to avoid damage from possible aerial bombardments launched against Tel Aviv. It was a case of “who knows what will happen?” And as if all that wasn\u2019t enough, Wallish was called back to Sherf\u2019s office to receive another assignment: to prepare \u2013 without delay \u2013 a parchment upon which the Declaration of Independence itself would be written.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wallish hurried off to the Beit HaMehandes <\/em>(\u201cengineer\u2019s house\u201d) at the end of Dizengoff Street. He asked to see examples of various parchments, but since he wasn\u2019t permitted to reveal why he needed this strange request fulfilled, the clerk helping him got the feeling that this fellow was just a bit \u201coff.\u201d Wallish bought the parchment and brought it back to his office to test it for durability, to make sure it would last for generations to come.<\/p>\n\n\n

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The end of the Declaration of Independence, designed and prepared by Otte Walish<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

As soon as his dizzying spree of purchasing\/borrowing\/confiscating was complete, this graphic artist turned interior designer was free to prepare the hall for the historic occasion. And so, at 11:00 AM the following day, exactly 24 hours after he was assigned his task and only five hours before the declaration was signed and the State of Israel came into being, the hall was finally ready for the attendees. This was all described in a pictorial article by Pinchas Yourman in the Davar<\/em> newspaper five years later, in 1953. The Hebrew article can be found online in the National Library\u2019s Historical Press Collection<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
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The official invitation given to Otte Wallish to attend the Declaration of Independence ceremony. Ari Wallish Collection.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

That same Pinchas Yourman described the declaration itself in his book The First 32 Minutes<\/a><\/em>, as follows:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n

\u201cIt is unbelievable \u2013 but it is a fact; the most important and decisive ceremony ever held in Israel \u2013 the historic ceremony for the Declaration of Statehood in the Tel Aviv Museum \u2013 lasted only 32 minutes; it included one short speech; was conducted with exemplary order, and was praised afterward by its participants with the best of compliments, ranging from \u201cgreat and impressive\u201d to \u201conce in a lifetime, moving and felt in the depths of the soul.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

Despite the cloud of secrecy cast over the location of the ceremony, the large gathering inside the Tel Aviv Museum \u2013 which had previously served as the private home of the late mayor Meir Dizengoff \u2013 guaranteed that a large crowd would show up outside the entrance hall in the hope of catching a glimpse of the most important ceremony in the country’s history. One particularly amusing story told by historian Mordechai Naor in his book The Friday that Changed Destiny<\/a><\/em> concerned a guest who almost didn\u2019t get in. The guest was Pinchas Rosen, then chairman of the small and now forgotten \u201cNew Aliyah\u201d political party. Since Rosen had forgotten his official invitation to the ceremony at home, the guard stationed at the entrance to the museum refused to allow him to enter. None of his begging and pleading helped. He remained stuck outside until Ze\u2019ev Sherf intervened, and Rosen, who would soon become Justice Minister of the State of Israel, was finally allowed to enter the ceremony and sign the declaration. The truth is that there was no shortage of offended parties and people with all manner of grievances trying to use all their contacts to gain entry to the prestigious event.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ultimately, only 350 people were allowed through the doors of the museum at 16 Rothschild Blvd. The newspaper reporters didn\u2019t even reveal where it was being held. The entire event was broadcast on the Kol Israel<\/em> (\u201cVoice of Israel\u201d) radio station, as its inaugural broadcast.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"
“A Broadcast From the Meeting of the Jewish National Council” <\/em>– This laconic announcement informing the public of a radio broadcast on Kol Yisrael<\/em> at 4 pm was published in every morning paper on May 14, 1948. This particular item is taken from HaTzofe<\/a><\/em>.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

Pinchas Yourman offered the following description:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n

\u201cAfter a light banging of the (walnut-colored) gavel on the desk, everyone stood up and sang HaTikvah<\/em>. In a voice that was later described in the newspapers as \u201ctrembling,\u201d David Ben-Gurion began by uttering 15 words that have been stamped by the seal of history: \u201cI will read for you the founding Declaration of the State of Israel, which has been approved in the first reading by the Jewish National Council.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

Upon hearing the name of the State of Israel being called out explicitly, the crowd burst into thunderous applause. One of the men sitting on the stage, Rabbi Y. L. Fishman, didn\u2019t take part in the spontaneous applause. He burst into tears.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The haste with which the Declaration of Statehood ceremony was organized, and the amount of improvisation required in order for it to take place within such a short time didn\u2019t manage to detract anything from the importance of the event. Ultimately, the ceremony was every bit as moving as it was brief, and it also symbolized a new beginning in many ways, for example, with new institutions (the radio station, for one) being established which would continue to accompany the new state for many years to follow.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Long live the State of Israel!<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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