{"id":29761,"date":"2018-07-18T15:43:51","date_gmt":"2018-07-18T12:43:51","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blog.nli.org.il\/?p=29761"},"modified":"2021-04-18T14:49:43","modified_gmt":"2021-04-18T11:49:43","slug":"rabbi_immanuel_low","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/en\/rabbi_immanuel_low\/","title":{"rendered":"The Rabbi Who Performed Scientific Research From a Hungarian Prison"},"content":{"rendered":"

In 1920, Rabbi Imm\u00e1nuel L\u0151w, one of the most important contributors to the lexicons of Wilhelm Gesenius for the Bible and of Carl Brockelmann for the Aramaic Language, was accused of making political statements against the authorities and against the new governor of Hungary, Admiral Mikl\u00f3s Horthy.<\/p>\n

During his 13 month imprisonment, Rabbi L\u0151w continued working on his famous work,\u00a0Die Flora der Juden<\/em> (“The Plants of the Jews”), which deals with the various vegetation mentioned in Jewish sources with a focus on Rabbinic literature. Written in German, the four-volume series was published between 1924-1934 and is available at the National Library of Israel. The series went through a second printing after the death of the author.<\/p>\n

\"Rabbi<\/a>
Available at the National Library of Israel: The statement of defense from the trial of Rabbi Imm\u00e1nuel L\u0151w. Rabbi L\u0151w, who was charged with defamation of the Hungarian governor, was imprisoned and released a year later as a result of an international intervention.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Rabbi Imm\u00e1nuel L\u0151w was born in 1854 in the Hungarian city of Szeged. As an orientalist, he was interested in the names of plants in Semitic languages since his youth.<\/p>\n

\"Rabbi<\/a>
Rabbi Imm\u00e1nuel L\u0151w in his youth<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

In addition to his studies at the Higher Institute for Jewish Studies<\/span> in Berlin (Hochschule f\u00fcr die Wissenschaft des Judentums<\/span><\/em>), he studied Semitic linguistics at the University of Leipzig, Germany. It was there in 1879 that he submitted his doctoral thesis on plant names in Aramaic (Aram\u00e4ische Pflanzennamen<\/em>). His scientific publications and notes on the animal and mineral issues in Biblical and Talmudic sources attest to his intention to publish two additional books, thus creating a series: “The Fauna, the Flora and the Minerals in the Jewish sources.”<\/p>\n

\"Aaron<\/a>
Aaron Aaronsohn\u2019s 1908 letter to Rabbi Imm\u00e1nuel L\u0151w. Aharonson, the discoverer of emmer (“the mother of wheat\u201d) describes his journey to Constantinople to report on his research. He requests information from L\u0151w about specific plants from these areas, from the NLI collections.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
\"Lewis<\/a>
A letter from Ginsberg Lewis of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem to Rabbi Imm\u00e1nuel L\u0151w, from the NLI collections<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

After his death\u00a0on July 19th, 1944, the estate of Rabbi Imm\u00e1nuel L\u0151w was preserved in the Jewish community of Szeged. On the day of the declaration of the State of Israel, May 14, 1948, the community decided to donate the collection to the new State of Israel. The Hungarian government had other ideas and forbade the transfer of the collections to anywhere outside the borders of\u00a0 Hungary. After a long negotiation, the State of Israel successfully purchased the collection instead of simply receiving it for preservation.<\/p>\n

\"Rabbi<\/a>
Rabbi Leopold (Lip\u00f3t) L\u0151w<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

The collection was permanently deposited in the National Library archive in 1958. It includes correspondence, manuscripts, various documents, lists, speeches and essays by Immanuel\u00a0L\u0151w and several pieces of correspondence and speeches given by Imm\u00e1nuel’s father, Leopold (Lip\u00f3t) L\u0151w.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"Isaac<\/a>
Letters from Isaac Samuel Reggio to Rabbi Leopold L\u0151w in Hebrew and German, from the NLI collections.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
\"Rabbi<\/a>
Three letters by Rabbi Abraham Geiger to Rabbi Leopold L\u0151w, father of Rabbi Imm\u00e1nuel L\u0151w. Frankfurt 1865-1867, from the NLI collections<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Rabbi Leopold L\u0151w was born in Czerna Hora, Moravia, a region of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. He was imprisoned following the plots of his enemies who denounced him at the end of the revolution in 1848 but was pardoned by the Austrian general Julius Jakob von Haynau<\/a>. Leopold L\u0151w\u00a0<\/span>was the rabbi of Szeged from 1850 until his son Imm\u00e1nuel took over the position in 1878. He also corresponded with many important personalities of his time.<\/p>\n

\"Isaiah<\/a>
Letter from Isaiah Luzzatto (son of Samuel David Luzzatto – Shedal) in French to Rabbi Imm\u00e1nuel L\u0151w – Padova, 1880, from the NLI collections.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Rabbi Imm\u00e1nuel L\u0151w’s father, Rabbi Leopold L\u0151w\u00a0<\/span>was the first rabbi who gave speeches to his congregation in Hungarian and the first who introduced the Hungarian Language into the Jewish prayer. He was an important rabbi whose rulings influenced the policies of the Austrian and Hungarian governments. His son Imm\u00e1nuel inherited his affinity for public speaking. This talent accompanied Rabbi Imm\u00e1nuel L\u0151w\u00a0<\/span>during his tenure as head of the Jewish community of Szeged, from 1878 until his death.<\/p>\n

\"Abraham<\/a>
Letter from the Hebrew Language Committee to Rabbi Imm\u00e1nuel L\u0151w on his election as an active member of the committee. Signed on the letter: Abraham Shalom Yehuda and David Yellin, from the NLI collections.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Imm\u00e1nuel L\u0151w was a representative of the Neolog communities in the Supreme Council of the Hungarian Parliament of 1927. He was a Zionist and served as head of the umbrella organization of the Jewish Agency and Keren Hayesod. He corresponded mainly in German, Hungarian and English with distinguished academic institutions, publishers, personalities and scholars of his time, among them Aharon Aharonson, Theodor N\u00f6ldeke, Nathan Shalem, Ephraim Hareuveni and others.<\/p>\n

\"Theodor<\/a>
Correspondence between Rabbi Imm\u00e1nuel L\u0151w and famous German Semitic languages researcher Theodor N\u00f6ldeke, from the NLI collections.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Rabbi Imm\u00e1nuel L\u0151w wrote more than 10 books on politics and religious topics. According to some sources, when the transports of Hungarian Jews to extermination camps began, he was allowed to leave Hungary as part of the Kasztner deal. He was removed from the deportation train, but he was gravely ill and he later died in the Jewish hospital in Budapester on July 19th, 1944.<\/p>\n

\"Joint<\/a>
The joint passport of Rabbi Imm\u00e1nuel L\u0151w and his wife, Brenning Bella. Apparently, this passport was supposed to serve them when boarding the train to Switzerland as part of the Kasztner-deal in 1944, from the NLI collections<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

(For the records of Imm\u00e1nuel L\u0151w Archive click here<\/a>).<\/p>\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

In 1920 Rabbi Imm\u00e1nuel L\u0151w, the chief rabbi of the Hungarian city of Szeged was arrested by Hungarian authorities who interrogated and imprisoned him for a year.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":40,"featured_media":29946,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[218],"tags":[1698,1735,224,1218],"tags2":[],"class_list":["post-29761","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-judaism","tag-austria-hungary","tag-hungarian-jewry","tag-judaism","tag-life-before-the-holocaust"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n\u05d4\u05e8\u05d1 \u05e2\u05de\u05e0\u05d5\u05d0\u05dc \u05dc\u05e2\u05e3 - \u05e2\u05dc \u05e4\u05d5\u05e2\u05dc\u05d5 \u05d5\u05e2\u05dc \u05ea\u05e7\u05d5\u05e4\u05ea \u05de\u05dc\u05d7\u05de\u05ea \u05d4\u05e2\u05d5\u05dc\u05dd \u05d4\u05e9\u05e0\u05d9\u05d9\u05d4 | \u05d4\u05e1\u05e4\u05e8\u05e0\u05d9\u05dd<\/title>\n<meta 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