{"id":29674,"date":"2018-07-17T13:12:58","date_gmt":"2018-07-17T10:12:58","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blog.nli.org.il\/?p=29674"},"modified":"2018-07-29T11:42:51","modified_gmt":"2018-07-29T08:42:51","slug":"zulz","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/en\/zulz\/","title":{"rendered":"Crime and Punishment in the Town of Z\u00fclz"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>In the late 17<sup>th<\/sup> century, the town of Z\u00fclz &#8211; known today as Bia\u0142a Prudnicka in Poland &#8211; became a rare haven for Jews living in Europe. The local government granted the Jews the right to enter the trade business making them equal in commerce rights to the local Christian merchants. This permission was unique at the time and it stimulated Jewish immigration to the region at the beginning of the 18<sup>th<\/sup> century.<\/p>\n<p>For the Jewish community of Z\u00fclz, adherence to a strict set of laws established by the community leadership was critical to protecting the traditional way of life and ensuring the safety and security of the community. These laws &#8211; and the punishments exacted against those who transgressed &#8211; were clearly delineated in the community Pinkas, a registry used to coordinate and document community activity.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_29749\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-29749\" style=\"width: 500px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-29749\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.nli.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/4314628_0108-425x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"706\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/4314628_0108-425x600.jpg 425w, https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/4314628_0108-213x300.jpg 213w, https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/4314628_0108-768x1084.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-29749\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Cover of the Z\u00fclz Pinkas,\u00a0The Central Archives for the History of the Jewish People<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<div class=\"mceTemp\"><\/div>\n<p>The Z\u00fclz Pinkas, dated from 1796 to 1805, was written in a combination of languages including German, Yiddish, and Hebrew. The Pinkas holds the official listing of the local rules including the criteria for admission into the community, basic guidelines on how to live daily life, and the process of receiving the appropriate permissions to marry as a method of controlling population growth as demanded by the Prussian government. The Pinkas also includes the rules regarding the management of a local pub that was owned by the Jewish community and was leased out to community members for the purpose of making a profit.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_29727\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-29727\" style=\"width: 500px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blog.nli.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/4197792_0137.jpg\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-29727\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.nli.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/4197792_0137-787x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"381\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/4197792_0137-787x600.jpg 787w, https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/4197792_0137-300x229.jpg 300w, https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/4197792_0137-768x586.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-29727\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">A page from the Z\u00fclz Pinkas, The Central Archives for the History of the Jewish People. Click to enlarge.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<div class=\"mceTemp\"><\/div>\n<p>For the leadership of the Jewish community, game playing, be it board games, card games or gambling, was strictly forbidden due to the fear that it would lead to immodest or promiscuous behavior. The strict condemnation against game playing was waived ever so slightly for women who had recently given birth. If a postpartum woman had friends come to visit, the group was permitted to play games and pass the time together under the assumption that men would not be present. Interestingly enough, games were also permitted to be played on Purim, a day of festive drinking and celebration in Jewish tradition.<\/p>\n<p>Those caught playing games in circumstances where games were not permitted were faced with the greatest of punishments: a high fine to be paid to the community fund. Now, for the wealthy members of the community, this was not an issue and many played games at will, but for the poor, this punishment was extreme and had a strong impact on their financial status.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_29730\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-29730\" style=\"width: 500px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blog.nli.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/4197792_0147.jpg\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-29730\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.nli.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/4197792_0147-787x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"381\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/4197792_0147-787x600.jpg 787w, https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/4197792_0147-300x229.jpg 300w, https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/4197792_0147-768x586.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-29730\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">A page from the Z\u00fclz Pinkas, The Central Archives for the History of the Jewish People. Click to enlarge.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Years after the passing of the rule against the frivolity of game playing, the community felt the regulation was too strict and needed revision. The Pinkas describes the review process the leadership went through in reconsideration of this law. The council decided that on days where the prayer of <em>Tachanun<\/em>, a prayer of supplication, is not recited (Shabbat, holidays and special occasions), the community could be permitted to play games, assuming they were played with the right precautions in place against inappropriate interactions.<\/p>\n<p>The Jewish people in Z\u00fclz were also very dedicated and stringent with the rules when it came to their observance of the Passover holiday. Every year ahead of Passover, as they were not permitted to have their own mills, the community would be granted access to one of the local flour mills for the purpose of grinding the flour to be used for preparing Matzah, the unleavened bread traditionally eaten on Passover.\u00a0 A member of the community would be appointed as the <em>Mashgiach, <\/em>the person in charge of supervising the process to ensure the flour is not contaminated in any way.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_29735\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-29735\" style=\"width: 500px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-29735\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.nli.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/4197792_0163-777x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"386\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/4197792_0163-777x600.jpg 777w, https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/4197792_0163-300x232.jpg 300w, https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/4197792_0163-768x593.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-29735\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">A page from the Z\u00fclz Pinkas, The Central Archives for the History of the Jewish People. Click to enlarge.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>The Pinkas describes how, in 1798, the <em>Mashgiach <\/em>was punished as he was not stringent enough or attentive enough in his assignment. While his punishment is not laid out in the text, based on the punishments for far lesser crimes, we can assume it was of the highest order.<\/p>\n<p>While the Jewish community of Z\u00fclz ceased to exist more than 100 years ago, the Pinkas held by the Central Archives for the History of the Jewish People paints a picture of a rich community life and a leadership that was dedicated to its congregation- so long as you were willing to follow its rules.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><strong><em>Recovering the Records of European Jewry: The Pinkassim Project:<\/em><\/strong><em>\u00a0The National Library of Israel is digitizing approximately 200 Pinkassim, the majority of which are kept in the Central Archives for the History of the Jewish People, these Pinkassim will be published and made <\/em>accessible<em> to researchers and the general public, and enhanced by additional content prepared by the project&#8217;s Academic Committee. \u00a0The Pinkassim Project is the focus of a session sponsored by the NLI at the European Association of Jewish Studies Congress in Krakow, on July 18, 2018.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong><em>This post was written as part of Gesher L\u2019Europa, the NLI\u2019s initiative to connect with Europe and make our collections available to diverse audiences in Europe and beyond.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The Z\u00fclz Pinkas paints a picture of rich community life in Poland and a leadership dedicated to its congregation &#8211; so long as you were willing to follow its rules.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":95,"featured_media":30423,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[216],"tags":[649],"tags2":[],"class_list":["post-29674","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-diaspora","tag-gesherleuropa"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v24.8 - 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