{"id":178984,"date":"2025-07-31T14:00:27","date_gmt":"2025-07-31T11:00:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.nli.org.il\/?p=178984"},"modified":"2025-07-31T15:39:52","modified_gmt":"2025-07-31T12:39:52","slug":"tisha_bav_evolution","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/en\/tisha_bav_evolution\/","title":{"rendered":"The Continuing Evolution of Tisha B\u2019Av"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

In synagogues across the world, congregants will gather this Saturday night and Sunday (August 2\u20133) to commemorate Tisha B\u2019Av, the somber anniversary of the destruction of the holy temples in Jerusalem in 586 B.C.E. and 70 C.E. The holiday, whose name means simply the ninth day of the month of Av, stands out for its mournful mood, a 25-hour fast and the recitation of both the Book of Lamentations and kinnot<\/em>, poetic elegies that bemoan the temples\u2019 destruction and Jews\u2019 historical sufferings after being exiled from Israel.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But some synagogues in recent years have bolstered their offerings to make the holiday\u2019s experience more meaningful. Along with the prayer services and the special Torah and haftarah readings tied to the day, classes are being held about calamities throughout Jewish history and the meaning of Tisha B\u2019Av and its prayers.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"990051214170205171\"
Selichot<\/em> prayers for Tisha B’av, 11th-12th century, from the Cairo Genizah, Cambridge University Library,\u00a0Cambridge,\u00a0England, made available online through the National Library of Israel’s “Ktiv” project<\/a>.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

That\u2019s been the case for three decades in a Baltimore, Maryland, synagogue, where a local rabbi and history professor, David Katz, delivers a Tisha B\u2019Av lecture on the meaning of some of the kinnot<\/em>, which are notoriously difficult to comprehend. Another American rabbi, Yirmiyahu Kaganoff, now lives in Jerusalem, where each Tisha B\u2019Av he leads a nearly four-hour class on selected kinnot<\/em> for an audience of predominantly English-speaking immigrants. It\u2019s an approach he hit on while serving as a congregational rabbi in Buffalo, New York, in the 1980s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cInstead of droning on the kinnos<\/em>, I took a selection of them and explained them,\u201d said Kaganoff. \u201cI want people to identify with what we\u2019re doing here and, rather than droning, to make it a meaningful experience.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"Dedupmrg1013460684
The Ninth of Av<\/em><\/a>, by Maurycy Tr\u0119bacz, 1903-1914, TM 8* 342, the Postcard Collection at the National Library of Israel<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

For many Jews, Hamas\u2019s attack on October 7, 2023, added new significance and meaning to an already somber date in the Hebrew calendar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cOctober 7 changed the world. There was no other topic to be discussed. This was the greatest tragedy to befall the Jewish people in [recent] times,\u201d said Jamie Geller, chief marketing officer for Aish, a worldwide Jewish-outreach organization that has produced films about the impact of the massacre over the past two years, screening them on Tisha B\u2019Av. \u201cThis was the most relevant, timely, emotionally poignant connection to the tragedy,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zev Eleff, the president of Gratz College, a Jewish institution near Philadelphia, said he\u2019s noticed the trend to inject greater meaning into the holiday.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cTisha B\u2019Av has always been a day we mark with grief and introspection,\u201d he said. \u201cIt\u2019s never just for prayers, but also memory-marking.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jonathan Sarna, a historian of American Jewry, credits summer camps devoted to tradition with playing a key role in transforming Tisha B\u2019Av and earning it a more prominent position on the calendar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

That started in about the 1940s when some camps in the United States seized on the vacuum between school terms to provide educational programming, he said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because some campers would be fasting, the administrators \u201cwanted to distract their attention\u201d with compelling material, he said. The experience, in turn, would develop some counselors and campers as future educators, he said.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"Sarna\"
American Judaism: A History<\/a><\/em>, by Jonathan D. Sarna, New Haven: Yale University Press, 2019<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

\u201cIt was just natural for them to magnify Tisha B\u2019Av, and they [later] brought those programs into synagogues and community centers,\u201d said Sarna, who recently retired as a professor of American Jewish history at Brandeis University.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rabbis Kaganoff and Katz explained that their modified approach arose from grasping people\u2019s search for deeper connection to the day. Of the approximately 60 kinnot<\/em> (numbers are imprecise due to variations between the Sephardi and Ashkenazi communities and even between congregations), each rabbi focuses on fewer than 20 to discuss in their presentations \u2014 what Katz called \u201cexplications.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Katz tends to select the same kinnot<\/em> for discussion from year to year, while Kaganoff varies his offerings. Katz said his presentations always include four kinnot<\/em> written by survivors of the Crusades, because, while uncomfortably vivid, they are authentic rather than flowery.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"990001753150205171\"
Kinnot<\/em> for Tisha B’Av from an Ashkenazi prayer book<\/a>, 13th-14th century. The collections of the Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin Preu\u00dfischer Kulturbesitz, Oriental Department, made available online through the National Library of Israel’s “Ktiv” Project<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

Katz recalled a time when kinnot<\/em> had not been composed to mourn victims of the Shoah. That\u2019s no longer the case, and Shoah-themed kinnot<\/em> are commonly recited these days. Similarly, he said, \u201cI\u2019m sure, over the course of time, October 7 will enter the liturgy in one way or another.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kaganoff, who\u2019s lived in Israel since 1997, noticed years ago \u201ca movement for people to understand all of their prayers,\u201d he said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe kinnot<\/em> are very difficult. I have to explain each word as an allusion to a concept or an event or an idea,\u201d he said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cPeople want a full experience of davening<\/em> [praying]. They want a full experience of talking to God. They want to know what they\u2019re saying, rather than have a boring time. \u2026 They\u2019re not interested in a rote religion. It\u2019s a very good sign.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Writer-editor Hillel Kuttler can be reached at <\/em>hk@HillelTheScribeCommunications.com<\/em><\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Over the centuries, the most somber day in the Hebrew calendar has become associated with different tragedies across Jewish history. It is a process that still continues.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":450,"featured_media":178985,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[218],"tags":[1536,1708,2087],"tags2":[3067,2651,2707,2828,2960],"class_list":["post-178984","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-judaism","tag-jewish-culture","tag-jewish-holidays","tag-tisha-bav"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nThe Continuing Evolution of Tisha B\u2019Av<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Over the centuries, the most somber day in the Hebrew calendar has become associated with different tragedies across Jewish history. 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