{"id":17129,"date":"2017-01-15T12:49:13","date_gmt":"2017-01-15T10:49:13","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blog.nli.org.il\/?p=17129"},"modified":"2021-06-27T14:59:42","modified_gmt":"2021-06-27T11:59:42","slug":"venetian_ghetto","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/en\/venetian_ghetto\/","title":{"rendered":"How a 16th Century Business Dispute Triggered a Religious War"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The Jewish ghetto in Venice was established in 1516, and all the Jews living in the prosperous city were forced to move there. Among the limitations imposed on the Jews of the ghetto was that the printing of Hebrew books had to be contracted to a Christian press. A dispute that broke out between two such Christian printers threatened to destroy the cultural universe of Italian Jewry.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_17065\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-17065\" style=\"width: 765px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-17065 size-full\" title=\"\u05dc\u05e4\u05e8\u05d9\u05d8 \u05d1\u05e7\u05d8\u05dc\u05d5\u05d2 \u05dc\u05d7\u05e6\u05d5\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.nli.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/ghetto765x400.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"765\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/ghetto765x400.jpg 765w, https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/ghetto765x400-300x157.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 765px) 100vw, 765px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-17065\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">A map of the Venice ghetto from the early 16th century. The map may be found in the Civico Corer Museum in Venice<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">In 1551, Rabbi Meir Katzenellenbogen contacted the owner of the Guistiniani printing press with a proposal for printing Maimonides\u2019s\u00a0<em>Mishneh Torah\u00a0<\/em>with a commentary he had written. The printer refused. Disappointed but still determined, the rabbi then brought the same proposal to Alvise Bragadini, owner of the new and less-established Bragadini press, who agreed to publish it. The phenomenal success of the <em>Mishneh Torah<\/em>\u00a0in its new format attracted the attention of Guistiniani, who then hurried to print an identical edition of the book.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_17067\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-17067\" style=\"width: 430px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/primo.nli.org.il\/primo_library\/libweb\/action\/dlDisplay.do?vid=NLI&amp;docId=NNL_ALEPH001334333&amp;_ga=2.144569776.463212402.1515048861-1531053103.1498628509\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-17067 size-large\" title=\"\u05dc\u05e4\u05e8\u05d9\u05d8 \u05d1\u05e7\u05d8\u05dc\u05d5\u05d2 \u05dc\u05d7\u05e6\u05d5\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.nli.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/la_bragadina-430x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"430\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/la_bragadina-430x600.jpg 430w, https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/la_bragadina-215x300.jpg 215w, https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/la_bragadina.jpg 532w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 430px) 100vw, 430px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-17067\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Frontispiece of Maimonides\u2019s <em>Mishneh Torah<\/em> printed by the Bragadini press. From the National Library of Israel collection<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure id=\"attachment_17069\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-17069\" style=\"width: 395px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-17069 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.nli.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/gushitinian-395x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"395\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/gushitinian-395x600.jpg 395w, https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/gushitinian-197x300.jpg 197w, https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/gushitinian-768x1167.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 395px) 100vw, 395px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-17069\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Frontispiece of Maimonides\u2019s Mishneh Torah printed by the Guistiniani press. From the National Library of Israel collection<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">European Jewish communities declared a boycott against the pirated Guistiniani edition, but despite this, the printer refused to acknowledge his defeat, and instead appealed directly to the Pope to settle the dispute. In order to damage one another\u2019s credibility, the rival printing press owners hurled accusations that the other had, in his edition, inserted heresy against Christianity and the Catholic Church. The Pope\u2019s decision stunned both sides: in the summer of 1553, Pope Julius III ordered all Hebrew books \u2013 first and foremost the Talmud \u2013 to be brought to Rome\u2019s central square, where they were burned.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">This decree was then carried out in other cities across Italy including Venice.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>If you liked this article, try these:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/blog.nli.org.il\/en\/i_tal_ya\/\">New Effort Launched to Identify and Catalogue Every Hebrew Book in Italy for First Time Ever<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/blog.nli.org.il\/en\/cemetery_ferrara\/\">The Disappearing Headstones from the Jewish Cemetery of Ferrara<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/blog.nli.org.il\/en\/smuggle\/\">The Package is Secure: How Jewish Women Were Smuggled to Safety in 19th Century Italy<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Printing of a Jewish book in 1551 caused religious strife and turmoil all over Italy<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":17076,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[216,217],"tags":[649,1749],"tags2":[],"class_list":["post-17129","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-diaspora","category-land-of-israel","tag-gesherleuropa","tag-jewish_manuscripts_secrets-en"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v24.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>How a 16th Century Business Dispute Triggered a Religious War<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Printing of a Jewish book in 1551 caused religious strife and turmoil all over Italy\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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