{"id":170389,"date":"2025-02-27T11:30:58","date_gmt":"2025-02-27T09:30:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.nli.org.il\/?p=170389"},"modified":"2025-03-12T13:47:40","modified_gmt":"2025-03-12T11:47:40","slug":"syria_jews","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/en\/syria_jews\/","title":{"rendered":"Dreaming of Aleppo and Damascus \u2026 and Peace"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

The overthrow of the al-Assad regime by rebel forces in early December has some Jews of Syrian origin dreaming of their ancestral land being enveloped in a wide-ranging Middle East peace blanket involving Israel and Saudi Arabia. There are those who even hope to someday fly back and visit the places that shaped their forebears\u2019 lives.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

That is how Joseph Dweck, for one, imagines things, while acknowledging that this scenario contains enormous qualifiers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIf it were safe and they were welcome, sure,\u201d said Dweck, the senior rabbi at the Spanish and Portuguese Sephardi Community of the United Kingdom, a synagogue in London, when asked in a recent video call whether natives of Aleppo, the city of his ancestors\u2019 birth, or their descendants would avail themselves of such an opportunity. But, he said, \u201cThere\u2019s no indication of that at the moment.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"Aleppo
A Jewish wedding in Aleppo, 1914. Photo by Vartan Derounian, Public Domain<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

It\u2019s something Dweck, who was raised in Los Angeles, said he would consider doing if the situation in Syria stabilizes. His great-great grandfather, Yousef Beyda, moved from Aleppo to New York in 1901. Dweck\u2019s great-grandfather, Beyda\u2019s son-in-law, considered returning to the city, Syria\u2019s second largest, to live but remained in New York and later moved to California and established a successful linen business.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"990003012070205171\"
A Ketubah, a Jewish marriage contract, made in Damascus in 1887.<\/a> From the National Library of Israel collections<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

Syrian Jews whom Dweck knows followed the dramatic developments of the rebellion against dictator Bashar al-Assad in late November and early December with \u201cexcitement,\u201d while being \u201cpained\u201d by the suffering of ordinary Syrians, he said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A few handfuls of Jews remain in Syria, a dramatic drop from their presence over two millennia. It is estimated that in the 1940s, some 30,000 Jews were living in the country.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Contemporary Syrian-Jewish population figures are hard to come by, but several people interviewed for this article estimated that 50,000 to 100,000 Jews of Syrian descent live in the United States, primarily in and near Brooklyn, New York. Other centers exist in Mexico and Argentina, with pockets in the Colombian capital of Bogota, in Manchester, England, in Miami and in Jerusalem. Elsewhere in Israel, they said, Syrian Jews have merged with the general populace and are less distinct.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"997003427020405171\"
The house of the Stambouli family, in the Jewish Quarter of Damascus, early 20th century<\/a>. From the Joseph and Margit Hoffman Judaica Postcard Collection, the Folklore Research Center, the Hebrew University of Jerusalem<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The Brooklyn communities that three of the interviewees emerged from were, and remain, tradition-based and abound with religious, cultural and charitable organizations, they said. Men tend to establish, and work in, retail businesses, while women often stay home to raise the children. People frequently marry those they grew up with and got to know over many years.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Syrian-Jewish neighborhoods in Brooklyn \u201care growing by leaps and bounds,\u201d with schools and synagogues \u201copening every year,\u201d said Rabbi Richard Hidary, a professor of Jewish history at Yeshiva University, three of whose grandparents emigrated from Aleppo to New York.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hidary lives three blocks from where he was raised in the borough\u2019s Gravesend neighborhood and near his wife\u2019s parents. \u201cMost people live near their families and maintain childhood friendships throughout life,\u201d he explained.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"997009563647005171\"
A house in the Jewish Quarter of Damascus<\/a>, photographed around the turn of the 20th century, the Lenkin Family Collection of Photography at the University of Pennsylvania Library, the Pritzker Family National Photography Collection, the National Library of Israel<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Chen Harkov, who is not a member of the community, gained some insight during the 14 years she lived in Deal, New Jersey, a town along the Atlantic Ocean shore heavily populated by Syrian Jews.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

For years, she commuted to her job in Manhattan on a bus chartered by members of a Syrian synagogue in Deal. Harkov, who now lives in the Israeli town of Modiin, often was the only female and only non-Syrian Jew aboard.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt\u2019s a very tight community, with strong camaraderie, who marry within and [sponsor] lots of tzeddakah<\/em>,\u201d she said, using the Hebrew word for charity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Harkov experienced the community\u2019s insularity and also, in a way, the thoughtfulness it wrought. That occurred when she and her husband moved with their family to Deal in 1993. She met with the rabbi of one Syrian synagogue to ask about it. The man suggested that Deal\u2019s sole Ashkenazi synagogue in a different neighborhood would be more to her liking.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHe said, \u2018Oh, you don\u2019t want to live near my shul because you\u2019re not Syrian,\u2019 \u201d she remembered him saying. The Harkovs bought a house near the Ashkenazi synagogue. \u201cHe wanted to save us an uncomfortable feeling,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Abraham Hamra is among those who spend his summers in Deal. Hamra, a 37-year-old businessman, grew up in the Jewish Quarter of Damascus\u2019s Old City and moved at age 8 to Brooklyn; he now lives about 20 miles from Brooklyn, in the Long Island suburb of Great Neck. Hamra\u2014the namesake of the late Damascus rabbi, his grandfather\u2019s first cousin, who figured in a previous NLI article<\/a>\u2014recalled Damascus Jews going en masse to synagogue on Shabbat, but said his family sometimes attended services in Jobar, just outside the capital. There, they might enter a cave to light candles in honor of Elijah the Prophet, for whom the Jobar synagogue was named.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"23410
Avraham Hamra, the last Chief Rabbi of Syria, prays at Jerusalem’s Western Wall after making Aliyah (immigrating) to Israel<\/a> – October, 1994. Photo by Gideon Markowiz, the Dan Hadani Archive, the Pritzker Family National Photography Collection, the National Library of Israel<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Hamra said his family had many friends and acquaintances among their Muslim neighbors. \u201cPeople somewhat got along,\u201d Hamra said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But he also spoke of a dark side. Four girls from Damascus\u2019s Jewish community were raped and murdered in 1974 while trying to emigrate to Israel. In Hamra\u2019s lifetime, Palestinians living nearby attacked Jews. And Jews for many years faced official restrictions on property ownership, employment and even traveling more than three miles from town.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The last of the three restrictions was lifted in the period following the girls\u2019 murder, said Hamra, who remembered going to the village of Bloudan for picnics and the coastal city of Latakia on summer excursions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cPeople would set up tables and barbecue and also set up a hookah,\u201d he said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the distance of three decades and 6,000 miles, Hamra viewed the sudden end of the al-Assad reign\u2014Bashar\u2019s father Hafez ruled with an iron fist from the time he seized power in 1971 until his death in 2000\u2014with mixed feelings.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"990039483300205171\"
A map of Damascus<\/a>, created in 1574-1576, found in Beschreibung und Contrafactur der vornembster St\u00e4t der Welt. Vol. 1-2<\/em>, the Eran Laor Cartographic Collection at the National Library of Israel<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bashar \u201cwas a horrible, brutal, disgusting dictator\u201d like his father, but the new regime headed by rebel leader Ahmed al-Sharaa \u201ccould be even worse [as] religious extremists who are going to wreak havoc,\u201d Hamra said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe question is: Is it good for Israel?\u201d he said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Said Hidary: \u201cI hope [Syria] doesn\u2019t become a Sunni terrorist country that will threaten Israel. It would be nice if it could be pragmatic and recognize Israel.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI\u2019m cautiously optimistic about the future, because the rebels are going to need assistance,\u201d Hamra said. \u201cIsrael is in a very good position. There\u2019s a level of happiness or relief I\u2019m feeling. I think it\u2019s going to be good for Israel long-term.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Writer-editor Hillel Kuttler can be reached at <\/em>hk@HillelTheScribeCommunications.com<\/em><\/a>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

American Jews with roots in Syria followed the recent revolution there and dreamt of returning, if only to visit. Some also hope it heralds a change in Syrian policy toward Israel.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":450,"featured_media":170390,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[216],"tags":[1873,4950],"tags2":[3067,2706,4951],"class_list":["post-170389","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-diaspora","tag-jewish-communities","tag-syrian-jewry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nDreaming of Aleppo and Damascus \u2026 and Peace<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"American Jews with roots in Syria followed the recent revolution there and dreamt of returning, if only to visit. 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