{"id":167468,"date":"2025-01-08T15:52:08","date_gmt":"2025-01-08T13:52:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.nli.org.il\/?p=167468"},"modified":"2025-02-10T11:41:17","modified_gmt":"2025-02-10T09:41:17","slug":"damascus_crown_keter","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/en\/damascus_crown_keter\/","title":{"rendered":"The Undercover Operation to Rescue the Crown of Damascus"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Had someone predicted decades ago that Judy Feld Carr would help to smuggle an invaluable, centuries-old book out of Syria \u2014 to say nothing of delivering thousands of the country\u2019s Jews from a dictatorship to freedom \u2014 \u201cI\u2019d tell you you\u2019re mad,\u201d the Toronto resident said in a telephone call in the waning days of 2024. \u201cI taught the music of the Catholic church of the 14th century. If you could tell me how that [leads] to Syria, you\u2019re better than me!\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Feld Carr utilized similarly colorful language when asked whether she has any Syrian heritage.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cAre you kidding? My father was from Russia, my mother was from Brooklyn, Ashkenazi, and I grew up in northern Canada,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"Judyphoto\"
Judy Feld Carr and the Damascus Keter<\/em> she helped rescue from Syria, photographed by Orah Buck in Toronto, 1993<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

Yet Feld Carr, a musicologist by training, became indispensable in facilitating the smuggling of the book, an artistic Hebrew manuscript of the Bible, from Syria to Canada and on to Israel in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This particular book<\/a> was originally written in Italy in the 15th century. It was transferred to Spain shortly afterwards, but after the edict of expulsion the book made its way to the Ottoman Empire. It was sold among the communities of Jewish exiles and eventually ended up in Damascus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is one of twelve Hebrew manuscripts that have come to be known as the Damascus Keters<\/em>. Today the Keters<\/em> are part of the National Library of Israel\u2019s permanent exhibition, \u201cA Treasury of Words<\/a>,\u201d where culturally priceless works reside. The word keter<\/em> is Hebrew for “crown.”<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"S5\"
The Damascus Keter<\/em><\/a> that Judy Feld Carr helped rescue<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Feld Carr first learned of the Damascus Keter<\/em> in July 1993 while in Jerusalem with her husband, Don Carr \u2014 the couple had an apartment in the city \u2014 when they met a curator at the Israel Museum as the renowned Aleppo Codex was being restored.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The curator asked Feld Carr if she knew about the Damascus Keter<\/em> or had any ideas for getting it out of Syria. Feld Carr called Shlomo Gal, a senior Mossad official, at his home on a Friday afternoon. He berated her, urging her instead to continue bringing Syrian Jews to freedom. (Harold Troper\u2019s 2007 book about her, The Rescuer: The Amazing True Story of How One Woman Helped Save the Jews of Syria<\/a>,<\/em> can also be found at the National Library.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Feld Carr recalled that she heard \u201cfrom my underground sources\u201d that the Keter<\/em> resided in a shul in Damascus. That launched her quest to bring it out of Syria, since she understood that the Jewish community there would soon be almost non-existent. \u201cThe issue was to find it and get it out. My husband said, \u2018You\u2019re crazy. How can you get it?\u2019 That was July. In September, I had it,\u201d Feld Carr said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Image
A page from the Damascus Keter<\/em><\/a> that Judy Feld Carr helped rescue<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

How did she do it? During two phone calls and subsequent e-mails, Feld Carr provided few names or details, but did say she worked her contacts in Canada\u2019s foreign ministry and communicated with the Damascus Jewish community\u2019s chief rabbi, Avraham Hamra. Feld Carr said she \u201cpaid nothing to anybody to get out the Keter<\/em>.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A Middle East specialist in the Canadian government agreed to be the conduit, she said. On a visit to Damascus, he passed Hamra on a street. Hamra surreptitiously handed off the Keter<\/em>, and the man put it in his raincoat and continued on. The man then visited at least one other Arab country before returning to Canada, the Keter<\/em> resting in a black shopping bag. Feld Carr went in November to Ottawa, where they met in the man\u2019s office and then headed to lunch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

That\u2019s when Feld Carr first saw the book and held it. It seemed too modest to be the heralded Keter<\/em>. \u201cI showed disappointment,\u201d she conceded. \u201c \u2018This is what it is?\u2019 It was small\u201d \u2014 about 11\u201dx14\u201d \u2014 \u201con the thinnest vellum paper.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She went on to the Israeli embassy to see Itzhak Shelef, the ambassador. She didn\u2019t have an appointment. He held the book and \u201cwas sobbing like a baby,\u201d she recalled. \u201cHe said, \u2018This may be the Damascus Keter<\/em>.\u2019\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Feld Carr flew back to Toronto and asked a photographer to come to her home to take pictures of the Keter<\/em> \u2014 without a flash, outdoors. She mailed the photographs to the Israel Museum. After Gal saw the pictures, he \u201csent me a lovely written message that it was the Keter<\/em>,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hamra, on a visit to Toronto, visited Feld Carr. She gave him the Keter<\/em> and urged him to donate it to the National Library when he moved to Israel in 1994, which he did.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The text of this particular keter<\/em> is arranged in two columns, each with 36 lines. It features quadratic Sephardic script, with the text of the Masorah arranged in beautiful geometric patterns around the biblical text.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Book3\"
A page from the Damascus Keter<\/em><\/a> that Judy Feld Carr helped rescue<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Interestingly, the Book of Esther is known here as the Book of Ahasuerus, named after the Persian king featured in the story (Xerxes, \u05d0\u05d7\u05e9\u05d5\u05e8\u05d5\u05e9).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Ahasuerus\"
The Book of Ahasuerus, instead of the Book of Esther<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Hamra later sought to retrieve the Keter<\/em> and took the case to court in Israel, but the decision in 2020 went in favor of the NLI. The dispute led Hamra to cut off contact with Feld Carr. Hamra died in 2021. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHe was like a brother \u2014 that\u2019s how close we were,\u201d she said. \u201cI lost his friendship.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Feld Carr said she has no regrets.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe Keter<\/em> is here for eternity, in terms of Jewish life,\u201d she said. \u201cThe book is where it should be. It has to be in the library.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Image\"
Another one of the twelve Damascus Keters<\/em>, currently on display as part of the National Library of Israel’s permanent exhibition – “A Treasury of Words<\/a>“<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Writer-editor Hillel Kuttler can be reached at <\/em>hk@HillelTheScribeCommunications.com<\/em><\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

The incredible story of how a priceless Hebrew manuscript written nearly 600 years ago was smuggled out of Syria and eventually brought to the National Library of Israel<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":450,"featured_media":167469,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[216],"tags":[1873,310,1532,4950],"tags2":[3067,2706,2789,2723,4951],"class_list":["post-167468","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-diaspora","tag-jewish-communities","tag-jewishmanuscripts","tag-rare-jewish-books","tag-syrian-jewry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nThe Undercover Operation to Rescue the Crown of Damascus<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The incredible story of how a priceless Hebrew manuscript written nearly 600 years ago was smuggled out of Syria and eventually brought to the National Library of Israel\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" 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