{"id":162016,"date":"2024-09-30T11:11:23","date_gmt":"2024-09-30T08:11:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.nli.org.il\/?p=162016"},"modified":"2025-03-10T16:16:25","modified_gmt":"2025-03-10T14:16:25","slug":"hank_greenberg","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/en\/hank_greenberg\/","title":{"rendered":"When “The Hebrew Hammer” Struck Twice on Rosh Hashanah"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

The lobby of Congregation Shaarey Zedek, in Southfield, Michigan, includes a display case dedicated to Hank Greenberg. Among the case\u2019s contents are baseballs, pictures, autographs, programs and one of Greenberg\u2019s bats from his career as a star player over 13 Major League Baseball seasons, 12 of them for the local team, the Detroit Tigers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headings above the synagogue\u2019s display read, \u201cDesignated Mensch\u201d and \u201cHank Greenberg is as famous for being Jewish as for what he did in the batter\u2019s box.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"Hank
Hank Greenberg of the Detroit Tigers takes a swing, 1940, the Sporting News Archives
<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

The New York-raised first baseman, nicknamed \u201cThe Hebrew Hammer,\u201d achieved plenty at bat during his career, slugging 331 home runs (leading the American League in four separate seasons), hitting for a .312 average, winning two Most Valuable Player awards, and starring on two World Series-winning teams. The player earned enshrinement in the National Baseball Hall of Fame as an all-time great.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Greenberg
“Designated Mensch” – The lobby of Congregation Shaarey Zedek, in Southfield, Michigan, includes a display case dedicated to Hank Greenberg. <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Greenberg, whose parents had immigrated from Romania, was the first Jewish superstar in America\u2019s national pastime in an era when his contemporaries included such legends as Babe Ruth, Lou Gehrig, Ted Williams, Joe DiMaggio and Bob Feller.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Hank
Hank Greenberg was the most famous Jewish baseball player of his era. This article<\/a> appeared in The Kentucky Jewish Chronicle <\/em>on April 15, 1938, the Historical Jewish Press Collection at the National Library of Israel<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The best-known episode connected to Greenberg\u2019s Jewish identity occurred when he weighed whether to play in the Tigers\u2019 crucial games in September 1934 that fell on Rosh Hashanah and Yom Kippur. This autumn marks the 90th anniversary of that High Holy Day season.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The situation echoed a generation later, when Los Angeles Dodgers pitcher Sandy Koufax, another Jewish star from New York, opted not to face the Minnesota Twins in the first game of the 1965 World Series because it fell on Yom Kippur<\/a>. Koufax pitched the next day and lost the game, but the Dodgers captured the championship.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"1962
Sandy Koufax, star pitcher for the L.A. Dodgers, pictured on a 1962 Bell Brand baseball card, via Wikimedia<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

Greenberg split the dilemma in 1934: He played on both days of Rosh Hashanah, but didn\u2019t play on Yom Kippur. Greenberg even split the split: He attended services at Shaarey Zedek (the Conservative synagogue then was located in downtown Detroit) the morning of Rosh Hashanah\u2019s first day before heading to Navin Field to play that afternoon against the Boston Red Sox.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"Hank
Greenberg was one of the most dominant sluggers in the game during his era. This article appeared in the November 22, 1940 issue<\/a> of \u2068\u2068the J. Jewish News of Northern California<\/em>, the Historical Jewish Press Collection at the National Library of Israel<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

He became a hero by smashing two home runs in Detroit\u2019s 2\u20131 win. The Tigers lost at home to the New York Yankees when Greenberg sat out for Yom Kippur a week later. The next month, the Tigers reached the World Series.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to a newspaper article at the time, Greenberg was swayed by phone calls from Tigers officials, including owner Frank Navin. Greenberg feared disappointing his team by sitting out on Rosh Hashanah.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI hope I did the right thing. Maybe I shouldn\u2019t have played. It\u2019s a sacred day,\u201d Greenberg told a teammate later that day.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The article quoted Greenberg as saying, \u201cThere wasn\u2019t any way of getting a dispensation\u201d by a rabbi to play. Other accounts had Greenberg seeking, and obtaining, a rabbinical waiver.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"Hank
\u201cI hope I did the right thing. Maybe I shouldn\u2019t have played. It\u2019s a sacred day\u201d – Greenberg faced a dilemma on Rosh Hashanah. This article appeared in the September 14, 1934 edition<\/a> of The American Jewish World.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

Greenberg might have consulted with Shaarey Zedek\u2019s rabbi at the time, Abraham Hershman, said Aaron Starr, the current rabbi at the congregation, where Greenberg sometimes worshipped in its Detroit and Southfield locations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cRabbi Hershman was a halachic, observant Jew, so I often wonder about the permission given,\u201d said Starr.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cBecause [Hershman] was a baseball fan, maybe he offered a lenient p\u2019sak [religious ruling], but I\u2019m not sure on what halachic grounds. Or, maybe Mr. Greenberg found the rabbi he wanted [to rule favorably].\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his autobiography<\/a>, Greenberg wasn\u2019t definitive regarding his actions. He wrote that he \u201cwasn\u2019t sure what to do\u201d and implied that he played after reading in a newspaper article that a rabbi had found a Talmudic allowance for him to participate. A few paragraphs later, Greenberg wrote that he \u201ccaught hell from my fellow parishioners\u201d who telephoned throughout the night to complain that he had played.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Greenberg no doubt faced complex social pressures. Jewish assimilation in the United States was still very much an issue, and religious accommodation wasn\u2019t a given. Jews could lose their jobs by refusing to work on Shabbat. A leading figure at the time was Charles Coughlin, a Catholic priest in Greenberg\u2019s Detroit, who preached pro-Nazi and anti-Jewish views in national radio addresses.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Book\"
From Hank Greenberg, Hall-of-Fame Slugger<\/a><\/em>, by Ira Berkow, illustrated by Mick Ellison, the Jewish Publication Society, 1991. The National Library of Israel has numerous books about Hank Greenberg<\/a> in its collections.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The dilemma occurred in the second full season for Greenberg, then just 23. \u201cEarly on, he just wanted to be known as a player. He didn\u2019t want the extra burden [of representing American Jewry], but he grew to accept it,\u201d said retired N.Y. Times<\/em> columnist Ira Berkow, who edited Greenberg\u2019s 1989 autobiography, The Story of My Life<\/a><\/em>, published three years after Greenberg\u2019s death at 75.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Greenberg was close with several Shaarey Zedek congregants. Larry Katz, a current worshipper, said in a recent phone interview that Greenberg frequently was a dinner guest of Lou and Edith Blumberg and practiced his batting swing opposite the couple\u2019s large mirror. Greenberg apparently never visited Israel, although his son and daughter bought him round-trip airline tickets as a 70th-birthday gift.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

About a decade ago, Rabbi Starr led a discussion at the congregation\u2019s Hebrew school about Greenberg\u2019s High Holy Days dilemma.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt was using his example and asking about what does it mean to be a Jewish hero,\u201d he said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWith every swing of his bat, he knocked away some of the antisemitism in America and raised the level of pride of Jews,\u201d Starr said. \u201cIt was one of his most significant contributions.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Writer-editor Hillel Kuttler may be reached at <\/em>hk@HillelTheScribeCommunications.com<\/em><\/a>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ninety years ago, American baseball star Hank Greenberg played on the Jewish New Year holiday, even hitting two home runs, but later sat out Yom Kippur<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":450,"featured_media":162017,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[218],"tags":[1737,5077,1648,1867,1868],"tags2":[3067,5078,2756],"class_list":["post-162016","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-judaism","tag-american-jewry","tag-jews-in-sports","tag-newspapers","tag-rosh-hashanah","tag-the-high-holy-days"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nWhen "The Hebrew Hammer" Struck Twice on Rosh Hashanah<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Ninety years ago, American baseball star Hank Greenberg played on the Jewish New Year holiday, even hitting two home runs, but later sat out Yom Kippur\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, 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