{"id":157448,"date":"2020-02-12T15:58:00","date_gmt":"2020-02-12T13:58:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.nli.org.il\/?p=157448"},"modified":"2024-07-25T16:21:23","modified_gmt":"2024-07-25T13:21:23","slug":"djm_sen-san-sem","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/en\/djm_sen-san-sem\/","title":{"rendered":"Who Are You, Senoy, Sansenoy and Semangelof?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div id=\"buzzsprout-player-9854687\">&nbsp;<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><script src=\"https:\/\/www.buzzsprout.com\/1814157\/9854687-.js?container_id=buzzsprout-player-9854687&amp;player=small\" type=\"text\/javascript\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The quest for a proven, functioning magical amulet, one whose supernatural powers can be trusted with certainty, has led buyers to prefer amulets ordained with fixed and familiar mystic formulas. Since the most common Jewish amulets known to us are those designed to protect women giving birth, we can safely assume that the three angels who appear on these types of charms are among the most common figures associated with the Hebrew amulet. Their names are Senoy, Sansenoy and Semangelof.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blog.nli.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/54435706_2130400417006318_2339380781035552768_o.jpg\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"729\" height=\"949\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.nli.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/54435706_2130400417006318_2339380781035552768_o.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-65970\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/54435706_2130400417006318_2339380781035552768_o.jpg 729w, https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/54435706_2130400417006318_2339380781035552768_o-230x300.jpg 230w, https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/54435706_2130400417006318_2339380781035552768_o-461x600.jpg 461w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 729px) 100vw, 729px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">This amulet was written on parchment. It is of Middle Eastern origin, made in the early or mid-20th century.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blog.nli.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/15591414_1227633597283009_8091762691072542022_o.jpg\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1000\" height=\"771\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.nli.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/15591414_1227633597283009_8091762691072542022_o.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-65973\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/15591414_1227633597283009_8091762691072542022_o.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/15591414_1227633597283009_8091762691072542022_o-300x231.jpg 300w, https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/15591414_1227633597283009_8091762691072542022_o-768x592.jpg 768w, https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/15591414_1227633597283009_8091762691072542022_o-778x600.jpg 778w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">From the Bill Gross Collection<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p>What is the origin of these three angels? In rabbinic literature, incorporating over 1,000 years of writing and interpretation, we find the names of several satanic figures that developed over time, each of them constantly trying to establish evil\u2019s grip on the world. First among these Talmudic demons is Samael, often referred to euphemistically as&nbsp;<em>Sitra Achra<\/em>\u2014\u201cThe Other Side\u201d. He is considered to be Esau\u2019s demonic master, and in Talmudic literature most of his evil deeds involve attempts to undermine the righteous.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Since the end of the Talmudic period, Samael has often been portrayed as the source of all evil; his agents charged with defeating the cause of good and righteousness. His main partner is his wife, Lilith. This monstrous couple was apparently first brought together in the 13<sup>th<\/sup>\u00a0century, their combined powers allowing them to rule the realm of impurity.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blog.nli.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/IMG_0004_t-768x447.jpg\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"447\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.nli.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/IMG_0004_t-768x447.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-65976\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/IMG_0004_t-768x447.jpg 768w, https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/IMG_0004_t-768x447-300x175.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">A birth amulet featuring an illustration of Adam and Eve. The names of the three angels as well as those of Lilith and Satan, also appear. This is the earliest Jewish amulet to appear in paper print. Amsterdam, circa 1700.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p>In Jewish mythology, Lilith is believed to be Adam\u2019s first wife, who was banished before she was able to bear his children. In a desperate attempt to take revenge on Adam and all his offspring, Lilith devotes her efforts to harassing newborn children and their mothers. Two main roles are attributed to this demoness: strangling young children in their sleep, and seducing men \u2013 Lilith becomes pregnant with this wasted sperm, giving birth to demonic stepchildren. At this point, the three angels enter the picture.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In the 10<sup>th<\/sup>\u00a0century text known as the\u00a0<em>Alphabet of ben Sirah<\/em>, we read the story of Adam and Lilith. Adam\u2019s first wife is described as having been created from dust, just as he was, \u201cand therefore,\u201d argues scholar Joseph Dan, \u201cshe saw herself as his equal in every aspect.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blog.nli.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/80593632_10158031161316686_394379599519154176_o.jpg\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1878\" height=\"1296\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.nli.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/80593632_10158031161316686_394379599519154176_o.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-65979\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/80593632_10158031161316686_394379599519154176_o.jpg 1878w, https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/80593632_10158031161316686_394379599519154176_o-300x207.jpg 300w, https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/80593632_10158031161316686_394379599519154176_o-768x530.jpg 768w, https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/80593632_10158031161316686_394379599519154176_o-869x600.jpg 869w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1878px) 100vw, 1878px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">In memory of Adam and Eve, excluding Lilith. A protective amulet against demons and harmful forces.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p>How was this sense of equality manifested? Lilith believed she could leave her husband, and as he refused to \u201caccept this decree of equality in their sex life\u201d \u2013 apparently meaning that Lilith wished to be on top of her husband during intercourse, \u201cshe fled from him and escaped.\u201d The angels who were sent to return the woman to her husband were Senoy, Sansenoy and Semangelof. The three failed in their mission; Lilith claimed that \u201cthe great demon has already come upon her,\u201d referring to Samael, and so she could therefore no longer return to Adam. The angels were able, however, to extract a vow \u2013 that Lilith would not harm the offspring of Adam and his second wife, Eve.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blog.nli.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/4057826-10_0001_R.jpg\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"5211\" height=\"4013\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.nli.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/4057826-10_0001_R.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-65985\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/4057826-10_0001_R.jpg 5211w, https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/4057826-10_0001_R-300x231.jpg 300w, https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/4057826-10_0001_R-768x591.jpg 768w, https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/4057826-10_0001_R-779x600.jpg 779w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 5211px) 100vw, 5211px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">An amulet with the names of the angels, and Adam and Eve, \u201cexcluding Lilith\u201d. The names are surrounded by three frames: The first has illustrations of a birth and circumcision ceremony, the second frame consists of verses, and the third features decorative ornaments.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p>An amulet with the names of the angels, and Adam and Eve, \u201cexcluding Lilith\u201d. The names are surrounded by three frames: The first has illustrations of a birth and circumcision ceremony, the second frame consists of verses, and the third features decorative ornaments.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This promise is the foundation of the famous amulet used to this day by women following childbirth. The three angels were made popular by the&nbsp;<em>Alphabet of ben Sirah<\/em>, while the illustrations of their images in various amulets also contributed to their fame.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The angels\u2019 very names\u2014Senoy, Sansenoy and Semangelof\u2014are seen as safeguards against Lilith\u2019s actions. The amulets contain written text featuring the names of the angels as well as graphic motifs of their images. There is also a threatening vocal motif involved, emanating from the onomatopoeic sound of the names said together, which resembles sounds found in nature, like the hiss of a snake or the crackle of fire. The sound warns Lilith and gives her pause, making clear that she should not approach the mother and her newborn children.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The repetition of these sounds<em>\u00a0(sen-san-sen-sem)<\/em>\u00a0enhances the whip-like, whispering<strong>,\u00a0<\/strong>threatening effect. The names Senoy and Sansenoy are mentioned several times in first century Hebrew texts and they can also be found on an incantation bowl discovered at Nippur in modern-day Iraq.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blog.nli.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/Folder-L_031.jpg\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"2520\" height=\"3019\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.nli.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/Folder-L_031.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-65991\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/Folder-L_031.jpg 2520w, https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/Folder-L_031-250x300.jpg 250w, https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/Folder-L_031-768x920.jpg 768w, https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/Folder-L_031-501x600.jpg 501w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2520px) 100vw, 2520px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">An amulet for safeguarding a newborn child and its mother with an incantation against Lilith. A blank space is left for the name of the mother. The text notes the name of the amulet\u2019s buyer: Sylman Ben Katton, for the protection of \u201cthe people in his home.\u201d<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p>On an incantation bowl kept at the National Library of Israel, which was inscribed in antiquity, long before the ben Sirah stories of the Middle Ages, we find the same narrative which appears on amulets protecting new mothers. On this bowl we find a text written by the author Duchtish Bat Bahrui, describing a character named Smamit, the mother of twelve sons who were killed by a brutal demon named Sideros. Smamit escapes the demon and flees to an isolated mountain where she builds a fortified home. Four guests protect Smamit from the demon; the names of three of them are Soney, Sosoney and Senigly. Though the names are not completely identical, the same whispering, threatening motif can be heard here as well.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blog.nli.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/sholem_1.jpg\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"2859\" height=\"2814\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.nli.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/sholem_1.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-65994\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/sholem_1.jpg 2859w, https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/sholem_1-300x295.jpg 300w, https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/sholem_1-768x756.jpg 768w, https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/sholem_1-610x600.jpg 610w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2859px) 100vw, 2859px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">A bowl with a Jewish Babylonian Aramaic inscription, The National Library collections<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p>In Christian versions of similar amulets, the assisting forces are saints. Etymologically, we can trace the changes in the names of the angels\/saints which have evolved over the years and which have been modified to suit any culture that embraced them. Senoy became Saint Sisoe, Sansenoy became Sisynios and Semangelof appears as Synidores.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blog.nli.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/20160525_162234-768x548.jpg\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"730\" height=\"534\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.nli.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/20160525_162234-768x548.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-65997\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/20160525_162234-768x548.jpg 730w, https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/20160525_162234-768x548-300x219.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 730px) 100vw, 730px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">An amulet for mothers of newborn children, the National Library of Israel collections<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The three angels charged with safeguarding newborn babies and their mothers<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":65966,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[218],"tags":[1554,1680,224,1749,1826],"tags2":[2829,2785,2665],"class_list":["post-157448","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-judaism","tag-deciphering-jewish-manuscripts","tag-jewish-mysticism","tag-judaism","tag-jewish_manuscripts_secrets-en","tag--en"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v24.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Who Are You, Senoy, Sansenoy and Semangelof?<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The three angels charged with safeguarding newborn babies and their mothers\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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