{"id":157096,"date":"2024-07-23T13:26:30","date_gmt":"2024-07-23T10:26:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.nli.org.il\/?p=157096"},"modified":"2025-03-10T16:06:12","modified_gmt":"2025-03-10T14:06:12","slug":"jewish_olympians","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/en\/jewish_olympians\/","title":{"rendered":"Joy and Medals, Sorrow and Pain"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The setting and timing for a phone interview for this story were coincidentally exquisite.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It took place on Sunday, July 14, less than two weeks before the start of the Paris Olympics on July 26. A television screen during the interview showed the field at Berlin\u2019s Olympiastadion ahead of that evening\u2019s Euro 2024 football (soccer) championship game.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The stadium was the scene in 1936 of some of the Olympics\u2019 most powerful moments. It was where American runner Jesse Owens, a black man, earned four gold medals and thereby punctured the Aryan-racial-superiority doctrine of German chancellor Adolf Hitler, who was in attendance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It also is where a painful snub occurred. Owens\u2019 teammates on the United States\u2019 100-meter relay squad, Marty Glickman and Sam Stoller, both Jewish, were removed by American track coach Dean Cromwell. Glickman and others believed that he did so to appease Hitler.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"Marty\"
Marty Glickman: The Life of an American Jewish Sports Legend<\/a><\/em>, by Jeffrey S. Gurock, New York: Washington Mews Books, an imprint of New York University Press – Glickman embarked on a successful career as a sportscaster following his time as an athlete<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

The greatest tragedy in Olympics history, of course, occurred elsewhere in Germany, when Palestinian terrorists in Munich kidnapped and murdered 11 members of Israel\u2019s delegation in 1972.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In recent decades, the Olympics\u2019 most accomplished Jewish athletes have been Americans and Israelis. Previously, the greatest Jewish Olympians came from throughout Europe, especially the USSR. In all, Jewish Olympic medalists have represented 16 European countries, counting Russia and Ukraine following the Soviet Union\u2019s disintegration.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"Harold
Harold Abrahams pictured a century ago during the 1924 Olympic Games in Paris, photo – IOC Olympic Museum, Switzerland<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

This will be Paris\u2019 third Summer Olympics and its first since 1924. That year\u2019s winner in the Olympics\u2019 premier event, the 100-meter dash, was Harold Abrahams, a British Jew. He was one of the protagonists of the 1981 Academy Award-winning feature film, Chariots of Fire<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"Alexandre
Alexandre Lippmann, perhaps France’s greatest Jewish athlete, photo – Comit\u00e9 National Olympique et Sportif Fran\u00e7ais<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

Perhaps France\u2019s greatest Jewish athlete was fencer Alexander Lippmann, who earned two golds, two silvers and a bronze in the Olympics of 1908, 1920 and 1924. Another outstanding French fencer was Yves Dreyfus, who competed in three Olympics and earned bronze medals in 1956 and 1964.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Among the first Jewish medalists were German gymnasts Alfred Flatow and his cousin Gustav Felix Flatow, who combined for five gold medals and a silver medal at Athens in 1896 in the first modern Olympics. Attila Pettschauer won two golds and a silver for Hungary in fencing in 1928 and 1932. Five Jewish members of the Netherlands\u2019 women\u2019s gymnastics team earned golds in 1928. The Flatows, Pettschauer and the Dutch quintet \u2014 and their coach \u2014 were among Olympians murdered during the Shoah.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"Turnerinnen
The 1928 gold medal-winning Dutch Olympic gymnastics team, which included five Jewish members: Helena-Lea Nordheim, Ans Polak, Estella-Stella Agsteribbe, Judikje-Judik Simons and Elka de Levie. The team coach, Gerrit Kleerekoper, was also Jewish.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

A discussion of the greatest Jewish Olympians must include (along with American swimmers Mark Spitz and Dara Torres) Hungarian gymnast \u00c1gnes Keleti<\/a>, who in 1952 and 1956 earned ten medals, five of them gold. Keleti, now 103 years old, survived the Shoah in Budapest, defected to Australia during the \u201956 Games in Melbourne and the next year moved to Israel, where she lived for many years.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"Agnes
\u00c1gnes Keleti<\/a> won ten Olympic medals in gymnastics, photo from the Maccabiah Archive<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

Stuart Lustigman, a member of the executive committee of the Israel-based International Jewish Sports Hall of Fame (IJSHF), remembers two English Jews who made an impression on him growing up in London: fencer Allan Jay, who competed in five Olympics, earning two silver medals in 1960; and runner David Segal, a two-time Olympian who earned a bronze in the 4×100 relay, also in 1960.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI was in awe of their success,\u201d Lustigman said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Not only athletes have made their marks on the Olympics. Ludwig Guttmann was a German-Jewish physician who fled to England before World War II and established what became the Paralympic Games: athletic competitions for those with serious injuries and conditions. The Paralympics are held in host cities following each Olympics\u2019 conclusion. (They will begin in Paris on August 28.)<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"Xx1168
Guttmann presenting a gold medal to Tony South at the 1968 Summer Paralympics in Tel Aviv, Israel, courtesy of the Australian Paralympic Committee<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

Ferenc Kemeny, a Hungarian Jew, was a co-founder of the International Olympic Committee and helped to revive the Olympic movement with the Athens Games in 1896.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite Kemeny\u2019s accomplishments \u2014 he was among those who established the Hungarian Olympic Committee \u2014 he became \u201ca target of frequent anti-Semitism from other HOC members,\u201d according to the IJSHF\u2019s website. \u201cThese attacks eventually resulted in his resignation in 1907, as Hungary\u2019s IOC representative and from sports life itself.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kemeny and his wife would commit suicide in 1944 after being arrested by Hungary\u2019s fascist Arrow Cross party, the website states.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Asked where European Jews most prominently made their mark in sports, Jed Margolis, IJSHF\u2019s chairman, mentioned German and Austrian athletes who excelled early in the 20th Century despite enduring anti-Jewish discrimination in their hometowns\u2019 sports federations.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"Hakoah3\"
Hakoah in England<\/a><\/em>, a 1923 booklet documenting the Hakoah Vienna football team’s tour of England, written by M.J. Leuthe and published by Verlag des Sportklub Hakoah-Wien<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n
\n
\"Hakoah5\"
The label seen here on the left – “Jewish Cultural Reconstruction”, indicates that the above booklet<\/a> was at one point confiscated by the Nazi authorities before later being retrieved by Allied forces. Hundreds of thousands of Jewish books confiscated by the Nazis eventually reached the National Library of Israel, as in this case. More on this here<\/a>.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

Vienna\u2019s Hakoah Sports Club was one of the Jewish communal organizations that filled the athletic void then. It was best known for producing a top Jewish football team that played internationally \u2014 as well as Olympians in many other sports.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Hakoah1\"
Members of the Hakoah Vienna football team that toured England. Note the Stars of David on the uniforms. From the Hakoah in England<\/a> <\/em>booklet by M.J. Leuthe and published by Verlag des Sportklub Hakoah-Wien, 1923<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

As to the Paris Games, Margolis offered this prediction: \u201cWe will come home with some jewelry.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Writer-editor Hillel Kuttler may be reached at hk@HillelTheScribeCommunications.com.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

This summer\u2019s Paris Olympics warrants a historical look at some of European Jewry\u2019s athletic stars\u2026 and tragic losses <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":450,"featured_media":157142,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[216],"tags":[234,649,1536,5077,1218],"tags2":[2686,3067,2689,2651,5078],"class_list":["post-157096","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-diaspora","tag-diaspora","tag-gesherleuropa","tag-jewish-culture","tag-jews-in-sports","tag-life-before-the-holocaust"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nJoy and Medals, Sorrow and Pain<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"This summer\u2019s Paris Olympics warrants a historical look at some of European Jewry\u2019s athletic stars\u2026 and tragic losses\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" 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