{"id":152510,"date":"2024-04-30T20:06:45","date_gmt":"2024-04-30T17:06:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.nli.org.il\/?p=152510"},"modified":"2024-04-30T20:07:00","modified_gmt":"2024-04-30T17:07:00","slug":"zakynthos","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/en\/zakynthos\/","title":{"rendered":"The Miraculous Rescue of the Jews of Zakynthos"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

For Tel Aviv resident Yaron Enosh, who frequently visits Greece, the wonder of Zakynthos hasn\u2019t dimmed from his first trip to the island thirty-plus years ago through his most recent one in 2022.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Its natural beauty isn\u2019t all that grabs Enosh, a longtime radio broadcaster who often features Greek music on his programs. It\u2019s the courage that Zakynthos\u2019s residents and their leaders exhibited during Germany\u2019s occupation of the island from September 1943 to September 1944.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While approximately ninety percent of Greece\u2019s Jews were murdered during the Shoah, the highest percentage of any Nazi-occupied country, all 275 Jewish residents of Zakynthos survived World War II. None were murdered, deported to concentration camps (most Greek Jews were sent to Auschwitz) or even arrested.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eighty years later, the example of Zakynthos remains worthy of retelling. It was the subject of a documentary in 2002, The Song of Life<\/em>, by Greek director Tony Lykouresis; another documentary in 2017, Life Will Smile<\/em>; several books and chapters of books; and even a children\u2019s book in Hebrew published in 2018 by Israeli educator Sheila Cohen Albala Matza, The Heroes From the Island of Zakynthos<\/em>.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt\u2019s a special, exciting story,\u201d said Enosh.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"
The island of Zakynthos (Zante) as it appears in a map<\/a> from 1729, from: La Galerie Agreable Du Monde<\/em>, Pieter van der Aa, Leiden, the Eran Laor Cartographic Collection at the National Library of Israel<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

The heroes of the episode were Loukas Karrer, the mayor of Zakynthos on the Ionian Sea island of the same name, and its bishop, Metropolitan Dimitrios Chrysostomos \u2014 but so were average residents.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Karrer and Chrysostomos avoided providing the German military governor of the island, Alfred Luth, with a registry of Jewish residents which he demanded. Luth intended for the Jews to serve as slaves on building projects. The men enlisted Christians as replacement workers, burned their list of local Jews, bribed Luth and ultimately gave him a piece of paper listing themselves as the island\u2019s only two Jews (Karrer and Chrysostomos were not Jewish.)<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"Chrysostomos
Metropolitan Dimitrios Chrysostomos, the bishop of the island of Zakynthos, photo – Yad Vashem<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

The legend of Zakynthos is such that it spawned embellishments. Chrysostomos claimed to know Hitler from when they were university students in Munich in the 1920s, and was said to have sent the German dictator a telegram asking for the Jews of Zakynthos to be spared \u2014 and to have received Hitler\u2019s telegrammed response acceding to the request.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Such an exchange with Hitler is far-fetched, and the story of the paper with the men\u2019s names likely is, too, but \u201cthat was their narrative,\u201d Yitzchak Kerem, an academic who researched Zakynthos\u2019s World War II history for a 1989 paper<\/a>, said in a telephone interview in April.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"Mayor
The mayor of Zakynthos, Loukas Karrer, photo – Yad Vashem<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

What\u2019s not in doubt is that Karrer, Chrysostomos and anyone else on Zakynthos could have been executed for their obstinance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

That they weren\u2019t, and the fact of all Zakynthos\u2019s Jews surviving the occupation, is \u201ca miracle,\u201d said Kerem, a Holocaust researcher at Bar-Ilan University.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Most Jews were hidden in the homes of Christian families throughout Zakynthos and surrounding villages, with many later immigrating to Israel, and even establishing a synagogue in Tel Aviv. Yad Vashem in 1978 honored Karrer and Chrysostomos with the designation of Righteous Among the Nations. A memorial to the two men stands at the site of a synagogue that, like many buildings in Zakynthos, was destroyed in an earthquake in 1953.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"Robertwallace8\"
The memorial to Dimitrios Chrysostomos and Loukas Karrer, Zakynthos, photo<\/a> by Robert Wallace<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

Another hero of the Zakynthos story, Kerem wrote in his paper, was Dimitri Katevatis. The local head of a Greek nationalist movement, Katevatis intervened with Luth in mid-1944 to prevent the island\u2019s Jews from being deported.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cKatevatis had great admiration and respect\u201d for the Jews of Zakynthos, Kerem wrote in the article, which was published by the World Congress of Jewish Studies, an institute based at Hebrew University of Jerusalem. \u201cHe was well esteemed by many local Jews and looked upon by many of them as their protector.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Following the deportation by boat of Jews from the nearby Greek island of Corfu, the Nazis had a final opportunity to deport Zakynthos\u2019s Jews in August 1944. It again failed, the last step in what Kerem termed the \u201cinvisible deliberate effort\u201d on the island \u201cto either stall the expulsion of the Jews or to avoid it altogether.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"Robertwallace6\"
The Star of David over the gate to the Jewish cemetery in Zakynthos, photo<\/a> by Robert Wallace<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

Today\u2019s residents of Zakynthos remain immensely proud of the townsfolk\u2019s roles in the rescue of Jews. Enosh related that on one visit, a man invited him to his home, where he moved a living room table and a rug to reveal a shaft descending to a secret room. That was where his grandparents had hidden a Jewish family of five people.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hearing the man\u2019s story and seeing the hiding space \u201cwas very exciting for me,\u201d said Enosh, whose parents endured the Shoah in other countries and survived.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"990039408430205171\"
A ketubah <\/em>(Jewish marriage contract) from Zakynthos, 1734, Columbia University Library, made digitally accessible<\/a> via the National Library of Israel’s Ktiv project<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n
\n
\"Robertwallace3\"
The Jewish cemetery in Zakynthos, photo<\/a> by Robert Wallace<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

Cohen Albala Matza, the teacher, said that the Israeli hostages now being held in Gaza make it \u201chard to believe in mankind now,\u201d but that \u201cthe Zakynthian leadership and civil population have proved otherwise.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cLet’s strongly cling to their message,\u201d she said, \u201cthat every human’s life should be honored.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Writer-editor Hillel Kuttler can be reached at <\/em>hk@HillelTheScribeCommunications.com<\/em><\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Further Reading:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yitzchak Kerem, “The Survival of the Jews of Zakynthos in the Holocaust<\/a>“, Proceedings of the World Congress of Jewish Studies<\/em>, Vol. 1989, Division B, Volume II: The History of the Jewish People, pp. 387-394 (8 pages)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Local leaders and residents of this Greek island risked their lives to defy the Nazi occupying authorities during the Holocaust. Their heroic efforts saved the lives of the entire Jewish community.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":450,"featured_media":152511,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[212],"tags":[1817,309,1716],"tags2":[3067,2640],"class_list":["post-152510","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized","tag-greek-jewry","tag-theholocaust","tag-world-war-ii"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nThe Miraculous Rescue of the Jews of Zakynthos<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Local leaders and residents of this Greek island risked their lives to defy the Nazi occupying authorities during the Holocaust. 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