{"id":151465,"date":"2024-04-16T19:22:52","date_gmt":"2024-04-16T16:22:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.nli.org.il\/?p=151465"},"modified":"2024-04-16T19:22:58","modified_gmt":"2024-04-16T16:22:58","slug":"miriam_cup","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/en\/miriam_cup\/","title":{"rendered":"Let\u2019s Raise a Glass for Miriam the Prophetess"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

As opposed to the Passover Haggadah, the Jewish Midrash tells us of the significant role played by Miriam the Prophetess in the Exodus from Egypt. Every Passover we are told of the Children of Israel\u2019s journey from slavery to freedom, but it often goes unmentioned that Miriam the Prophetess, sister of Moses, had a significant role in that journey from Egypt to the Promised Land. These acts earn her, in some traditions, a place of honor at the Seder table.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What was Miriam the Prophetess\u2019 role in the Exodus?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Exodus is remembered in Jewish tradition as a rapid departure, almost a hasty flight, from Egypt. Thus, the Jews left the country so fast that they didn\u2019t have time to properly bake bread, leading to the matzas we eat during the holiday instead.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We can imagine our ancestors quickly leaving their homes and barely managing to take food with them, grabbing what they could and getting out. It therefore seems very strange that just after the Red Sea is split in two and the People of Israel cross over to the other side, the Bible describes Miriam the Prophetess taking her timbrel and starting to play and dance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n

\u201cAnd Miriam the prophetess, the sister of Aaron, took a timbrel in her hand; and all the women went out after her with timbrels and with dances.\u201d <\/em><\/p>\n(Ex. 15)<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n

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Anselm Feuerbach painting, 1862. Displayed at the Alte Nationalgalerie in Berlin<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

Where did Miriam manage to find a timbrel in the middle of the desert \u2013 did she take the time to bring it along during the hasty exit from Egypt?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When you are forced to leave as quickly as possible, you only take what you really need with you. It\u2019s certainly logical to bring along that which is required to survive in the desert \u2013 food, water, clothes. Why did Miriam choose to bring a timbrel \u2013 a musical instrument akin to a modern tambourine? In his commentary, Rashi describes how Miriam and all the other Israelite women, during the challenging, complex, and even terrifying moments of the departure from Egypt, still believed there would be reasons for happiness, dancing, and merriment. \u201cThe righteous women in that generation were confident that God would perform miracles for them and they accordingly had brought timbrels with them from Egypt” [Rashi, Ex. 15:20]. Therefore, Miriam brought a timbrel with her on the journey. She knew she would have the opportunity to use it.<\/p>\n\n\n

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A photo<\/a> of The Golden Haggadah, Barcelona, 1320. The Center for Jewish Art at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

This is the unique strength which characterizes Miriam\u2019s leadership throughout the Exodus: the power to believe that the painful reality can reverse itself. The power to try and bring about change, to imagine a better reality than the present one and to strive to realize it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to the Midrash, the entire redemption, all of the Exodus, was based on Miriam\u2019s act of rescue. The Talmudic story tells us that when Pharaoh decreed that all the newborn boys be thrown into the Nile, her father Amram, a great leader in his generation, divorced his wife Yocheved, deciding that if the children were to be murdered anyway, then there was no point in having them and thus no point in being married.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The people followed suit and divorced their wives, too. A moment after Pharaoh\u2019s terrible decree, the Talmud describes how despair gripped the people, with families collapsing wholesale.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It was in this atmosphere of doom that Miriam emerged as a leader: \u201cHis daughter said to him: Father, your decree is harsher than that of Pharaoh\u201d (TB Sotah 12a). Miriam appeals to her father and reproaches him: your decree is harsher, as he only condemned the males, while you are also condemning the females. He is wicked and so his decree will ultimately be abolished. But you are ensuring the decree will be realized by your own hand.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Amram, a leader of the generation, is able to heed his daughter\u2019s innocent, seemingly na\u00efve voice, and decides to remarry his former wife, after which Moses is born. It is for this moment that the Jewish sages describe Miriam as a Prophetess: As a young girl, she saw beyond the immediate need for survival, beyond the here and now, and led to the birth of the People of Israel\u2019s great leader. In a difficult moment of existential danger, Miriam managed to foresee the horizon beyond and believe in a better future. Operating within a difficult reality, she refused to give up.<\/p>\n\n\n

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Moses Abandoned on the Nile<\/em>, by Paul Delaroche<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

When Moses was placed inside the basket, her mother doubted her and asked \u201cMy daughter, where is your prophecy?\u201d (Ex. Rabbah 1). He and his wife were helpless and despairing. They sat at home, and the sorrow for their son filled their hearts. But again, Miriam refused to play along. She went to the river and made sure Moses found a home with Pharaoh\u2019s daughter, taking care to ensure her prophecy came true.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Miriam\u2019s strength came through in these moments, when despair seemed to be overtaking belief in the good.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Later on, as the People of Israel wandered the desert, the Jewish sages speak of how Miriam had a well, one containing flowing water and which she took everywhere. It was a well that allowed the People of Israel to drink water in the desert and survive its dryness. Miriam herself was a flowing well, especially in the hard times when despair spread, when things seemed doomed and there was no solution on the horizon. It was then that her vitality burst forth most prominently.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This is why a relatively new custom has emerged among certain communities of placing a cup for Miriam next to the traditional cup reserved for Elijah the Prophet during the Seder meal. The cup for Miriam, however, is filled not with wine but water, and is made of glass. It is a cup reminding us of the hope and belief in miracles that happen every day.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
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A photo of the Yahudah Haggadah, 1470-1480. Germany, Franconia. The Center for Jewish Art at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem<\/a>]<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

The custom of leaving a cup of wine for Elijah the Prophet is based on a halachic dispute over whether Jews are required to drink four cups of wine at the Seder \u2013 or five, one for each redemption of the Jewish People. Everyone agrees on the four cups, but the fifth is up for debate. Therefore, the custom emerged to place a fifth cup, but not to drink from it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While Jewish religious jurists simply call this cup “the fifth cup”, it has become popularly known as the cup of Elijah. According to the Maharal of Prague, this name was given because Elijah is the symbol of redemption, and thus the cup of redemption is named for him. But according to the Gaon of Vilna, it is because Elijah will come at the End of Days and resolve all halachic disputes \u2013 including the question of the fifth cup.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cup of Elijah attained a special status at the Seder table. Which is why we place Miriam\u2019s cup next to it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cup of Miriam the Prophetess seeks to correct a historic and narrative injustice by securing a place of honor at the Seder table and in the story of redemption, for the women who also led the people:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n

\u201cThis is the cup of Miriam, the cup of living water, in memory of the Exodus. May it be God\u2019s will that we merit drinking from the waters of Miriam\u2019s well for health and redemption. May it be God\u2019s will that we learn from Miriam and all the women to come out with timbrels and dancing in the face of the miracles of daily life and sing to God in every moment \u2013 Amen!\u201d<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"
Photo of the Hispano Moresque Haggadah. The Center for Jewish Art, the Hebrew University of Jerusalem<\/a>]<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

The blessing written on Miriam the Prophetess\u2019 cup seeks to give thanks for the ability to believe in the good even during difficult times, and gratitude for the strength to not surrender to despair or pain but rather to find the moments and points of light, and to sing, play, and rejoice in daily life.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n
\n

From a distance everything looks like a miracle<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

but up close even a miracle doesn\u2019t look like that.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Even someone who crossed the Red Sea when it split<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

saw only the sweating back<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

of the man in front of him<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

and the swaying of his big thighs<\/em><\/p>\nYehudah Amichai, translation by Robert Alter<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"
A Jewish New Year postcard, the Joseph and Margit Hoffman Judaica Postcard Collection, the Folklore Research Center, the Mandel Institute for Jewish Studies, the Hebrew University of Jerusalem<\/a>]<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

What was Miriam the Prophetess\u2019 part in the Exodus from Egypt? How does the Jewish Midrash explain her role in the journey from slavery to freedom and why do some set aside a sixth cup for her at the Passover Seder table?<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":270,"featured_media":151468,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[218],"tags":[1534,1902,1231,3089],"tags2":[3067,3100],"class_list":["post-151465","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-judaism","tag-jewish-feminism","tag-jewish-folklore","tag-passover","tag-women"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nLet\u2019s Raise a Glass for Miriam the Prophetess<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"What was Miriam the Prophetess\u2019 part in the Exodus from Egypt? 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