{"id":146910,"date":"2024-01-10T13:19:06","date_gmt":"2024-01-10T11:19:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.nli.org.il\/?p=146910"},"modified":"2025-09-02T13:13:42","modified_gmt":"2025-09-02T10:13:42","slug":"hoi_golani","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/en\/hoi_golani\/","title":{"rendered":"The Appeal of the Brown Beret: The Story of the IDF’s Golani Brigade"},"content":{"rendered":"

How it all started: farmers protecting their land<\/strong><\/p>\n

The Golani Brigade was founded in February 1948, a few months after the breakout of Israel’s War of Independence. The name, of course, comes from the Golan Heights, which the brigade founders could see at a distance from their moshavim and kibbutzim in the country’s north. In its first few months, the brigade operated sporadically \u2013 soldiers would leave work on the farm for a specific mission assigned to the brigade and then go back to their daily routine as farmers.<\/p>\n

\"\"
Golani Brigade soldiers enjoying some downtime during training in the Galilee, 1950. Photo<\/a>: Boris Carmi, the Meitar Collection, the Pritzker Family National Photography Collection, at the National Library of Israel<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

In the 1950s, many of the veterans of the War of Independence were discharged, and the ranks of the Golani Brigade were filled with new immigrants from the cities and the transit camps, people unfamiliar with the country\u2019s conditions and customs. Rehavam \u201cGandhi\u201d Ze’evi, who was commander of the brigade\u2019s 13th<\/sup> \u201cGideon\u201d Battalion, said of this time:<\/p>\n

\u201cWe found that our soldiers came from some 30 different countries, and beyond preparing them for the army, there was a need to teach them Hebrew \u2013 reading, writing, and speech.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cGolani,\u201d he said, \u201cwas a real melting pot.\u201d<\/p>\n

\"\"
Soldiers of Golani’s 12th<\/sup> Battalion, 1951. Photo<\/a>: Boris Carmi, the Meitar Collection, the Pritzker Family National Photography Collection, at the National Library of Israel<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Golani, despite its natural affiliation with Israel’s north, did not limit its operations to that region. Once the brigade completed its missions in its own sector during the War of Independence, it moved south to take part in a number of important operations, including the conquest of what would later become the city of Eilat.<\/p>\n

\"\"
Historic telegraph announcing the conquest of the Eilat area by the Negev and Golani brigades. From \u201cGolani \u2013 A Family of Soldiers<\/a>\u201d [Hebrew], p. 38<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Golani\u2019s unique spirit was evident as early as 1956, during the Sinai Campaign that took place that year. The \u201cFirst Breachers\u201d Battalion (the 51st<\/sup>) contained many new immigrants who arrived in Israel without their families and who had nowhere to return to after the fighting was done. At a party that was held to celebrate their release from service following the war, many expressed fears that they had no home to go to, no job or family to support them. Battalion commander Shlomo Alton heard them and got up to say a few words:<\/p>\n

\n

\u201cI am telling you, and I don\u2019t care if this goes against General Staff orders \u2013 go out and live your lives, try to build something. Those who can\u2019t make ends meet should know, here at the base, you always have a home. The \u2018First Breachers\u2019 Battalion will always take you in.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

\"\"
A Golani soldier at rest following the end of an exercise, 1972. Photo<\/a>: IPPA, from the Dan Hadani Archive, the Pritzker Family National Photography Collection, at the National Library of Israel<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Even the color of the brigade beret, which was decided in 1976, expressed the connection between Golani soldiers and the land itself. The earthy brown also represented the founders of the brigade, the farmers who carried hoe and rifle to maintain the young State of Israel.<\/p>\n

\"\"
A few examples from among dozens of books on the Golani Brigade kept at the National Library of Israel<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Yitzhak Rabin, who was Defense Minister at the time and who served twice as Prime Minister, described this connection nicely, in a speech he gave in memory of the brigade\u2019s fallen in 1989:<\/p>\n

\n

\u201cEvery corner of the country is marked with the blood of Golani Brigade soldiers. That is the way of the brigade: to be wherever Golani soldiers are needed, to decide the battle, to bring victory, to give life to the State of Israel.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

\"\"
Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin with Golani Brigade Commander, Col. Moshe Kaplinsky, attending an IDF exercise in the Golan Heights, 1995. Photo<\/a>: Ofira Yochanan, from the Dan Hadani Archive, the Pritzker Family National Photography Collection, at the National Library of Israel<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

The early Golani Brigade was a parallel Zionist microcosm of the young state, an ingathering of the exiles connecting north and south, native-born workers of the land and new immigrants fleeing the European inferno, sabra city kids and recently-arrived newcomers from the peripheral “development towns”. All felt part of the Golani family. The brigade’s commanders understood over the years that this embracing spirit of unity was what attracted so many new recruits \u2013 the idea that Golani was more than just a training ground for soldiers and commanders, but a cohesive social unit bringing together all levels of society.<\/p>\n

This spirit of acceptance can explain why so many young Israelis seek to enlist in Golani, to this day:<\/p>\n

\n

\u201cA new recruit showed up when we were stationed on the northern border, it was freezing, snow. After two weeks, he came and told me he wanted to leave, that he can\u2019t serve in these conditions,\u201d recalled an officer was the brigade deputy-commander in the 1980s. \u201cI told him: \u2018You’re important to me, you are irreplaceable, stay. In Golani, everyone is important.\u2019 He went home. Came back. He told me: \u2018My whole life, no-one, anywhere \u2013 not at home, not at school \u2013 ever told me that I\u2019m important. I always felt unnecessary. And I came here, to Golani, and you, a lieutenant-colonel, tell me I\u2019m important. That’s why I’ll stay.\u2019 And he stayed and went on to complete a squad commander course with honors.\u201d (From: \u201cGolani \u2013 A Family of Soldiers<\/a>\u201d, [Hebrew], p. 15)<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

\"\"
Golani Brigade commander Gabi Ashkenazi at a brigade ceremony, late 1980s. From \u201cMy Golani<\/a>\u201d [Hebrew], p. 194<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Service in the brigade was etched in the minds of many of its former soldiers as a significant experience. The well-known Israeli author Meir Shalev even wrote about it in the IDF magazine, Bamachaneh<\/em>, when he came to visit a Golani Reconnaissance Unit base, 20 years after leaving the army. Shalev was wounded in a training accident just before completing his service in the elite unit. His writing, full of characteristic humor and wit, expressed the feelings he was left with after his intense time in the military:<\/p>\n

\n

\u201cJeeps dry my throat. I can\u2019t stand to eat any kind of canned food. I hate when it rains on me. I\u2019m ready to strangle any commander who abuses his soldiers. I hate hunters because I know what it feels like to take a bullet. I love travelling with a topographical map in hand.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

And despite all these ornery complaints, Shalev didn\u2019t forget his service in the unit:<\/p>\n

\n

\u201cThe unit was an entire world. It was good friends, it was struggle and effort, it was also a first real acquaintance with pain and death. Of friends and enemies. At the time, the days of my youth, serving in the unit was the greatest thing that ever happened to me.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

\"\"
From Meir Shalev\u2019s article in Bamachaneh<\/em>, September 7, 1988. \u201cThe equipment is improved, but the face of the unit greenhorn remains the same\u2026 that same miserable mixture of an aching, desperate body and a lack of sleep”<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

The history of the Golani Brigade is strewn with missions which seemed impossible at first but ended in highly significant victories for the State of Israel. At the Tel Mutilla battles north of the Sea of Galilee in 1951, a Golani reserve unit carrying out a training exercise encountered Syrian forces moving through a demilitarized zone. 40 soldiers were killed in difficult battles which took days, at the end of which, the Syrians were pushed back.<\/p>\n

In the Six-Day War, Golani forces attacked the fortified position of Tel Faher in the Golan Heights. 34 Golani soldiers were killed, including admired battalion commander Moshe \u201cMusa\u201d Klein, but the outpost was taken by the brown brigade.<\/p>\n

Towards the end of the Yom Kippur War, Golani forces stormed the peaks of Mount Hermon. In a long and difficult battle, and after the first effort to take the position failed, the brigade\u2019s soldiers successfully regained control of the snow-capped mountain, which they dubbed – \u201cthe eyes of the state\u201d.<\/p>\n

In all these cases, and many others, Golani\u2019s sense of pride and heritage stemmed from the belief carried by every soldier in the brigade \u2013 their insistence that they could succeed at any mission they were tasked with.<\/p>\n

The brigade and its soldiers have paid a heavy price over the years, but nothing has been able to break its spirit. The brigade\u2019s special nature has helped its troops cope with the difficult trials it has faced<\/p>\n

The soldiers also frequently make use of dark humor to help deal with the dangers they face:<\/p>\n

\n

\u201cOne of their habits was to take bets on who wasn\u2019t going to make it back. Sometimes they would sing El Malei Rachamim<\/em> [prayer for the deceased], meaning me,\u201d recalled Raviv Nir, the Recon unit commander. \u201cI understood that this was a way to release fear and I allowed it. (From: “Night Predators \u2013 The Story of Golani Recon<\/a>\u201d [Hebrew], p. 212).<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\n

South we went, to the city among the fields<\/em><\/p>\n

During the night we entered, crossing the sands,<\/em><\/p>\n

We sunk to knee-depth, shivering with cold<\/em><\/p>\n

Then we knew, we had come to the city of strife.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

 <\/p>\n

Translation of an excerpt from Gaza<\/em> – a Hebrew poem by Itamar Oren, who served in the Golani Brigade’s 12th<\/sup> Battalion. Oren took part in the raids on Gaza City in the early 1970s and was killed in the Yom Kippur War. From: \u201cGolani \u2013 A Family of Soldiers<\/a>\u201d\u201d [Hebrew], p. 150<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Some 1450 of Golani\u2019s soldiers have fallen in service over the years, and they are commemorated at the memorial site at Golani Junction in northern Israel. 71 of them were killed on October 7, 2023, when they suddenly found themselves on the front lines. Their heroic efforts helped prevent an even higher civilian death toll. Many more Golani soldiers, far too many, have since fallen in the fierce battles in Gaza. The spirit of the Golani soldiers has not fallen, however, and their strong sense of pride continues to accompany them, wherever they go:<\/p>\n

\u201cAsk a soldier where he serves and he will tell you: this or that battalion, this or that company, or this or that corps; ask a Golani soldier where he serves, and he’ll only have one answer: \u2018I\u2019m from Golani.\u2019\u201d (From: \u201cGolani \u2013 A Family of Soldiers<\/a>\u201d)<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u201cEvery corner of the country is marked with the blood of Golani Brigade soldiers. That is the way of the brigade: to be wherever Golani soldiers are needed, to decide the battle, to bring victory, to give life to the State of Israel.\u201d The words of Yitzhak Rabin describe the feelings of many today in Israel<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":376,"featured_media":146159,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[217],"tags":[1232,1666,1980,5232,1906,1665],"tags2":[2656,2666,2667,5231,2668,2662],"class_list":["post-146910","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-land-of-israel","tag-history-of-israel","tag-idf","tag-israels-wars","tag-october-7","tag-six-day-war","tag-war-of-independence"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nThe Appeal of the Brown Beret: The Story of the IDF's Golani Brigade<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u201cEvery corner of the country is marked with the blood of Golani Brigade soldiers. 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