{"id":144982,"date":"2023-11-23T15:55:47","date_gmt":"2023-11-23T13:55:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.nli.org.il\/?p=144982"},"modified":"2023-12-20T14:02:07","modified_gmt":"2023-12-20T12:02:07","slug":"hoi_gaza_1956","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/en\/hoi_gaza_1956\/","title":{"rendered":"When Israel Conquered Gaza for the First Time"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

\u201cLife in the city is very tumultuous. The streets are full of people, most of the stores are open. Lively commerce is taking place in the markets. The appearance of the residents is happier and seems to have reconciled itself with the occupation. They try to come talk with the Israeli soldiers and civilians. In the refugee camps, Israeli citizens are received with commotion and are immediately surrounded by masses of children and adults. The faces of the refugees have a very kind appearance. The camps excel in their cleanliness. The elderly among the refugees are interested in the wellbeing of their friends [across the border].\u201d<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

(Report in the Davar<\/em> newspaper, November 29, 1956<\/a>, the Historical Jewish Press Collection at the National Library of Israel)<\/p>\n

\u201cTonight our forces will break into the Gaza Strip.\u201d This was the news given to IDF soldiers on November 1, 1956. After almost a decade of hostile activity from the Strip which led to the deaths of hundreds of Israelis, Israel was now taking the initiative. The Sinai Campaign, or \u201cOperation Kadesh\u201d as it is sometimes called, was a war initiated by Israel in the face of increasing cross-border terrorist actions by Palestinian groups known as the fedayeen. Once and for all, Israel hoped to put an end to the threat posed to the Israeli communities along the Gaza border. During the war, Israel succeeded \u2013 with French and British support \u2013 in taking over enormous tracts of land, including the Sinai Peninsula and the Gaza Strip.<\/p>\n

\"\u05d4\u05e4\u05e7\u05d5\u05d3\u05d4
\u201cTonight our forces will break into the Gaza Strip! Gaza \u2013 A living limb that has been torn from the body of the State of Israel. A fist raised before the state, a base for Egypt’s murderous emissaries [\u2026] And facing it \u2013 Nahal Oz, Be’eri, Kissufim, Nirim \u2013 a chain of flowering settlements facing a hostile border.\u201d The order to occupy Gaza. November 1, 1956<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

The IDF occupied Gaza relatively easily, and the Strip, then controlled by Egypt, capitulated within three days.<\/p>\n

\"\u05d4\u05d0\u05e8\u05e5,
“Gaza’s Request of Surrender” Haaretz, November 4, 1956<\/a>, the Historical Jewish Press Collection. Gaza’s Egyptian governor General Mohammed Fuad asked the Israeli commander to “accept my unconditional surrender”<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Life in Gaza City in those days was beautifully documented in a series of rare color photographs taken by American Jewish photographer and journalist Moshe (Marlin) Levin<\/a>, who documented daily life in the city under Israeli military rule.<\/p>\n

\"\"
Taking a picture of a camel<\/a>, 1956. The Moshe Marlin Levin Archive, the Meitar Collection, the Pritzker Family National Photography Collection at the National Library of Israel<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

 <\/p>\n

\"\"
Street salesman in Gaza<\/a>, 1956. The Moshe Marlin Levin Archive, the Meitar Collection, the Pritzker Family National Photography Collection at the National Library of Israel<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

 <\/p>\n

\"\"
Gaza<\/a>, 1956. The Moshe Marlin Levin Archive, the Meitar Collection, the Pritzker Family National Photography Collection at the National Library of Israel<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

 <\/p>\n

\"\"
Flying over Gaza<\/a>. The Moshe Marlin Levin Archive, the Meitar Collection, the Pritzker Family National Photography Collection at the National Library of Israel<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

 <\/p>\n

\"\"
White donkeys on a Gaza street<\/a>. The Moshe Marlin Levin Archive, the Meitar Collection, the Pritzker Family National Photography Collection at the National Library of Israel<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

The truth, which the State of Israel did not know back in November 1956, was that it would only control the Gaza Strip for a brief period. Israel\u2019s military successes and territorial gains created a sense of euphoria in the country, and the occupation of the region was referred to as the \u201cliberation of Gaza\u201d \u2013 hinting that there was little intent to give up the newly-conquered territory. It\u2019s worth remembering that there had been a long-standing Jewish presence in the Gaza Strip which only ended in the 1929 riots, such that the conquering of Gaza was seen by many as a return to a part of the ancient Jewish homeland, rather than an occupation of a foreign territory.<\/p>\n

\"\"
“The joy of the conquerors of Gaza after the surrender and the cessation of gunfire”, Davar<\/em>, November 5, 1956<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Upon occupying the Strip, Israel imposed military rule and quickly began taking practical steps to establish Israeli control.<\/p>\n

This can be seen in a series of orders which established martial law over the territory: the city\u2019s judicial and administrative powers were transferred to the army.<\/p>\n

\"\u05de\u05e0\u05e9\u05e8
“All governmental, administrative and judicial authority over the region of Gaza and its residents is from now invested in me and will be executed by those acting on my orders or by those I have appointed to do so [\u2026] – Lt. Col. Haim Gaon, IDF commander in the Gaza region” – An IDF notice<\/a> to the residents of Gaza. November, 1956<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Israeli currency became legal tender in the Strip.<\/p>\n

\"\"
A notice issued by the IDF<\/a> announcing Israeli currency would now be accepted in Gaza. November, 1956<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Steps were also taken to restore \u201croutine\u201d to the occupied territory. Thus, alongside a curfew imposed on residents of Gaza during the night hours, an order was issued to open the stores in the daytime to allow continued trade.<\/p>\n

\"\"
A military order<\/a> requiring business owners in Gaza to open their shops during regular business hours. November, 1956<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

And this is a rare picture of the home of the military governor in Gaza, complete with an Israeli flag.<\/p>\n

\"\"
Home of the Israeli military governor in Gaza<\/a>. The Moshe Marlin Levin Archive, the Meitar Collection, the Pritzker Family National Photography Collection at the National Library of Israel<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Today we know that the period of Israeli control of Gaza in 1956 was very temporary. Israel quickly discovered that its partners in the Sinai Campaign – Britain and France – were no longer among the world’s true superpowers. Pressure from the USSR and especially the United States, was placed on Israel to withdraw its forces. On March 8, 1957, just four months after Gaza capitulated, IDF forces left the Strip in a long column of armored vehicles, and control was returned to Egypt.<\/p>\n

Until the next war.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

During the conflict known as the Sinai Campaign, the State of Israel conquered the Gaza Strip. Military documents and rare color photographs reveal what this brief period of Israeli control of Gaza looked like – back in 1956<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":143875,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[217,9,1768],"tags":[2172,1232,1666,238,1469,3068],"tags2":[2684,2656,2666,2657,2636],"class_list":["post-144982","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-land-of-israel","category-maftia","category-meragesh-en","tag-gaza-border-region","tag-history-of-israel","tag-idf","tag-land-of-israel","tag-israeli-history","tag-3068"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nWhen Israel Conquered Gaza for the First Time<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"During the conflict known as the Sinai Campaign, the State of Israel conquered the Gaza Strip. 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