{"id":13207,"date":"2018-03-18T10:52:28","date_gmt":"2018-03-18T08:52:28","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blog-dev.nli.org.il\/?p=13207"},"modified":"2020-04-06T13:08:22","modified_gmt":"2020-04-06T10:08:22","slug":"communist_haggadah","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/en\/communist_haggadah\/","title":{"rendered":"How Communist Jews Made the Haggadah as Red as the Blood in the Nile"},"content":{"rendered":"<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">&#8220;Next year in Jerusalem!&#8221; cry the multiple voices of Jews around the world when they finally reach the end of the Seder, the ritual meal of Passover. It is during this never ending meal that Jews recount the road out of slavery towards liberty. This is when\u00a0parents tell their children that in every generation, every Jew, must consider themselves as though they had been freed from the bondage of Egypt.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Except in Soviet Russia, where a <a href=\"http:\/\/primo.nli.org.il\/primo_library\/libweb\/action\/dlDisplay.do?dscnt=0&amp;&amp;dstmp=1521962729257&amp;docId=NNL_ALEPH001361705&amp;vid=NLI&amp;vid=NLI&amp;backFromPreferences=true\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">special Haggadah<\/a> was written and distributed in which the cry for revolution, not Jerusalem,\u00a0was brought to the table. &#8220;This year a revolution here; next year \u2013 a world revolution!&#8221;<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">The communist Jews of the early Soviet Union put together special propaganda Haggadot in which the old Jewish traditions\u00a0were decried and the new communist ideas\u00a0were embraced. One of them was the <em>Komsomolishe Haggadah<\/em>, published in Moscow in 1922 by Moshe Altshuler.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_1778\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1778\" style=\"width: 406px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blog.nli.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/1-1.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1778 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.nli.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/1-1-406x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"406\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/1-1-406x600.jpg 406w, https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/1-1-203x300.jpg 203w, https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/1-1-768x1136.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 406px) 100vw, 406px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-1778\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Cover of the Komsomolishe Haggadah, 1922<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<div dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/div>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">One way in which Altshuler portrayed these new ideas was in using the language of Passover to show how communist ideals have and will continue to spread throughout the world. For example, one of the traditions prior to the celebration of Passover is the removal of leavened bread and products made of wheat in general from the home.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">They are then gathered in a pile and set on fire so that they can be destroyed. This is called in Yiddish <em>bdikes-khomets<\/em>, literally meaning, &#8220;checking for <em>chametz\u00a0<\/em>&#8220;, the remnants of bread and wheat products in the home. Altshuler interprets this<em> bdikes-khomets<\/em> in this way:<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><em>&#8220;Five years before the first Komsomol Pesach all Russian proletariat and peasants performed bdikes-khomets in the land. They removed all remnants of the rule of the bourgeoisie and landowners, gained power in their hands and defeated the enemy on all fronts.<\/em><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><em>In the fire of Great Socialistic Revolution they burned kolchaks, yudeniches, vrangels, denikins, pilsudsskis, petlurs, chernovs, gotzs, dans, martovs, abramoviches and said the brokhe: &#8220;All landowners, bourgeois and their minions &#8211; Mensheviks, SRs, CaDets, Bundists, Zionists, Poale Zions, Tsaire Zions and all other counter-revolutionists, nuisances, ne&#8217;er-do-wells and parasites should be burned in the fire of the Revolution. Those who were already burned, shall never rise again, and as to those who will remain, we will sacrifice them and hand them over to the State Political Directorate.&#8221;<\/em><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_1780\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1780\" style=\"width: 389px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blog.nli.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/2-2.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1780 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.nli.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/2-2-389x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"389\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/2-2-389x600.jpg 389w, https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/2-2-194x300.jpg 194w, https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/2-2-768x1186.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 389px) 100vw, 389px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-1780\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Removing the bourgeois <em>chametz<\/em>, Komsomolishe Haggadah, 1922<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">What else is there to say?<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Altshuler wanted to show the younger generation that the old bourgeois ideas were as bad as <em>khometz<\/em> during Passover. By using the colloquial language, Yiddish, and the older traditional form of the Haggadah, he made the Soviet revolution accessible to every Jew living in Moscow and beyond.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">The Haggadah is chock-full of examples where Altshuler appropriated the religious activities and made them communist for the proliferation of communism. Like the splitting of the matzah (<em>Yechatz<\/em> &#8211; \u05d9\u05d7\u05e5) in which the revolutionary Proletariat split the control of the means of production from the capitalist bourgeois, the wrapping (Korech &#8211; \u05db\u05d5\u05e8\u05da) in which the revolution consumes the bosses and oppressors of the working class, and the sacrifice itself, (<em>Korban Pesach<\/em> &#8211; \u05e7\u05e8\u05d1\u05df \u05e4\u05e1\u05d7), which looks shockingly traditional.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_22413\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-22413\" style=\"width: 500px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blog.nli.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/\u05d9\u05d7\u05e5.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-22413\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.nli.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/\u05d9\u05d7\u05e5.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"337\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/\u05d9\u05d7\u05e5.jpg 943w, https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/\u05d9\u05d7\u05e5-300x202.jpg 300w, https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/\u05d9\u05d7\u05e5-768x518.jpg 768w, https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/\u05d9\u05d7\u05e5-890x600.jpg 890w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-22413\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Yachatz, Komsomolishe Haggadah, 1922<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure id=\"attachment_22415\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-22415\" style=\"width: 500px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blog.nli.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/\u05db\u05d5\u05e8\u05da.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-22415\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.nli.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/\u05db\u05d5\u05e8\u05da.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"652\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/\u05db\u05d5\u05e8\u05da.jpg 1078w, https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/\u05db\u05d5\u05e8\u05da-230x300.jpg 230w, https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/\u05db\u05d5\u05e8\u05da-768x1001.jpg 768w, https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/\u05db\u05d5\u05e8\u05da-460x600.jpg 460w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-22415\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Korech, Komsomolishe Haggadah, 1922<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure id=\"attachment_22417\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-22417\" style=\"width: 500px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blog.nli.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/\u05e7\u05e8\u05d1\u05df.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-22417\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.nli.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/\u05e7\u05e8\u05d1\u05df.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"651\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/\u05e7\u05e8\u05d1\u05df.jpg 1030w, https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/\u05e7\u05e8\u05d1\u05df-230x300.jpg 230w, https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/\u05e7\u05e8\u05d1\u05df-768x1001.jpg 768w, https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/\u05e7\u05e8\u05d1\u05df-461x600.jpg 461w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-22417\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Korban Pesach, Komsomolishe Haggadah, 1922<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Through all of the above the communist ideals of the Soviet revolution were realized.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><em>This article was written with the help of Dr. Yoel Finkelman, Curator of the Judaica Collection of the National Library of Israel.<\/em><\/p>\n<p data-fontsize=\"18\"><strong>If you liked this article, try these:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p data-fontsize=\"18\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blog.nli.org.il\/en\/great_war_passover\/\" data-fontsize=\"18\">Celebrating the Exodus from Egypt Behind the Lines of World War I<\/a><\/p>\n<p data-fontsize=\"18\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blog.nli.org.il\/en\/korean_passover\/\" data-fontsize=\"18\">What Would You Serve at a Passover Seder During the Korean War?<\/a><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" data-fontsize=\"18\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blog.nli.org.il\/en\/kimcha_dpischa\/\" data-fontsize=\"18\">A Plea for Assistance in Buying Poor Man\u2019s Bread from 1908<\/a><\/p>\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>According to this Soviet Russian Haggadah, the eternal revolution of Marx and Lenin was responsible for liberating the Jews from the bondage of the bourgeois&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":25,"featured_media":178203,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[216,1768],"tags":[1549,1231,1749],"tags2":[],"class_list":["post-13207","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-diaspora","category-meragesh-en","tag-haggadah","tag-passover","tag-jewish_manuscripts_secrets-en"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v24.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>How Communist Jews Made the Haggadah as Red as the Blood in the Nile<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"According to this Soviet Russian Haggadah, the eternal revolution of Marx and Lenin was responsible for liberating the Jews from the bondage of the bourgeois...\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, 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