{"id":105698,"date":"2021-07-01T13:27:34","date_gmt":"2021-07-01T10:27:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.nli.org.il\/?p=105698"},"modified":"2023-05-30T15:35:05","modified_gmt":"2023-05-30T12:35:05","slug":"kafka_langer","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/en\/kafka_langer\/","title":{"rendered":"Who Was the Real Model for Kafka\u2019s Gregor Samsa?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">One of the most famous stories ever written in Prague is <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nli.org.il\/en\/discover\/literature-and-poetry\/authors\/franz-kafka\">Franz Kafka<\/a>\u2019s <em>The Metamorphosis<\/em>, which tells of a man who wakes up one bright morning to discover that he has become a \u201cmonstrous insect.\u201d Reams have been written about the infinite symbolism of this story, which many see as a kind of great modern parable about rootlessness and the absurdity and helplessness of the human being faced with an irrational world. The best and brightest have offered complicated and bizarre interpretations about the grotesque insect that must face the hardships of reality and his immediate surroundings. Yet, it may be that the story\u2019s inspiration is based on a real person\u2014a Jew who lived in the city of Prague.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">That Jew is Ji\u0159\u00ed (Georgo) Mordechai Langer, a local intellectual from a family that could be defined as Jewish, Czech, and even a bit German. They lived a comfortable bourgeois life outside of the Jewish Quarter, which many Jews in Prague had left behind in the as part of the Jewish emancipation process toward full citizenship. But something about Langer was different. He saw himself, first and foremost, as a Jew with a spiritual destiny. Langer\u2019s spiritual journey took him to the Hasidic courts of Poland, and when he returned to his family in Prague, he looked like someone who had undergone a transformation. He had adopted the way of life, as well as the clothing, of a Belz Hasid. This was completely alien and even embarrassing to the Jews of Prague, who had left the ghetto life behind. Langer even behaved like an ascetic, eating only bread and onions, and walking at a fast pace, as was the Hasidic custom.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_93537\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-93537\" style=\"width: 500px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-93537\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.nli.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/FB_IMG_1614071613745.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"672\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/FB_IMG_1614071613745.jpg 1072w, https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/FB_IMG_1614071613745-223x300.jpg 223w, https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/FB_IMG_1614071613745-447x600.jpg 447w, https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/FB_IMG_1614071613745-768x1032.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-93537\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">A statue of Franz Kafka indicating the place of his birth in Prague, photo: Dor Ben-Ari<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">At the same time, in Prague Langer acquired a deep and even poetic knowledge of Hebrew, while writing about the world of Kabbalah and Hasidism. He made a name for himself throughout the city thanks to his vast scope of knowledge, and among his Hebrew students was the as yet unknown writer Franz Kafka, who in one of his letters referred to his teacher as \u201cthe Westjude [lit. Western Jew] who assimilated into Hasidism.\u201d Kafka witnessed Langer&#8217;s feelings of alienation from his own family, and one can note many similarities with the character of Gregor Samsa, the protagonist of The Metamorphosis. Langer\u2019s brother, the writer Franti\u0161ek Langer, also noticed the resemblance. In any case, scholars today see a close connection between the city of Prague and the stories of Franz Kafka, and between Kafka and the Jewish community of Prague.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_93532\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-93532\" style=\"width: 464px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-93532\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.nli.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/Jiri_Langer.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"464\" height=\"571\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/Jiri_Langer.jpg 464w, https:\/\/blognli2026.moonsite.co.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/Jiri_Langer-244x300.jpg 244w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 464px) 100vw, 464px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-93532\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photograph of Mordechai Langer from his book <em>Me\u2019at Zari<\/em> [Hebrew], Davar Publishers<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Nearly a century has passed since Kafka\u2019s Hebrew lessons and fascinating encounters with Langer. Nevertheless, their respective literary legacies can be found under the same roof at the National Library of Israel in Jerusalem, alongside the archives of other members of Prague\u2019s Jewish intellectual circle of those days, among them the writer <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nli.org.il\/en\/archives\/NNL_ARCHIVE_AL004076688\/NLI\">Max Brod<\/a> and the philosopher <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nli.org.il\/en\/archives\/NNL_ARCHIVE_AL002645252\/NLI\">Samuel Hugo Bergmann<\/a>. Prof. Dov Sadan deposited <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nli.org.il\/en\/archives\/NNL_ARCHIVE_AL002651197\/NLI\">Mordechai Langer\u2019s archive<\/a> at the National Library, a collection which includes letters, copies of manuscripts, a few photographs and, for the most part, printed material related to the literary activity of the man who might very well have been the inspiration for Kafka\u2019s best-known story.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A leading theory ties the identity of the insect from Franz Kafka&#8217;s classic &#8220;The Metamorphosis&#8221; to the author\u2019s Hebrew teacher <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":229,"featured_media":93926,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[216],"tags":[1602,234,305,2147,1536],"tags2":[],"class_list":["post-105698","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-diaspora","tag-archives","tag-diaspora","tag-europe","tag-franz-kafka","tag-jewish-culture"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v24.8 - 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